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Claude H. Hardy

Bio: Claude H. Hardy is an academic researcher from Brown University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Shell (structure). The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 51 citations.

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TL;DR: In this article, a finite element elastic analysis is made of a skull and the skull is idealized with a doubly curved and arbitrary triangular shell element and the importance of using a composite material through the thickness of the shell was established.
Abstract: : A finite element elastic analysis is made of a skull. Measurements were made of the geometry and thickness of a skull. The skull was then idealized with a doubly curved and arbitrary triangular shell element. Results suggest that the skull is well built for resistance to front loads. The importance of using a composite material through the thickness of the shell was established. On the basis of tensile cracking at maximum elastic stress, loads of 3,500 lbs. and 1,400 lbs. were predicted for the first cracking of the skull due to front and side loading respectively.

53 citations


Cited by
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TL;DR: Basic experimental research is still needed to determine more accurate material properties and injury tolerance criteria, so that FE models can fully exercise their analytical and predictive power for the study and prevention of human head injury.
Abstract: A review is presented of the existing finite-element (FE) models for the biomechanics of human head injury. Finite element analysis can be an important tool in describing the injury biomechanics of the human head. Complex geometric and material properties pose challenges to FE modelling. Various assumptions and simplifications are made in model development that require experimental validation. More recent models incorporate anatomic details with higher precision. The cervical vertebral column and spinal cord are included. Model results have been more qualitative than quantitative owing to the lack of adequate experimental validation. Advances include transient stress distribution in the brain tissue, frequency responses, effects of boundary conditions, pressure release mechanism of the foramen magnum and the spinal cord, verification of rotation and cavitation theories of brain injury, and protective effects of helmets. These theoretical results provide a basic understanding of the internal biomechanical responses of the head under various dynamic loading conditions. Basic experimental research is still needed to determine more accurate material properties and injury tolerance criteria, so that FE models can fully exercise their analytical and predictive power for the study and prevention of human head injury.

150 citations

01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors defined the dimension of head injuries in Sweden over a longer period and presented a finite element (FE) model of the human head which can be used to diagnose head injuries.
Abstract: The main objectives of the present thesis were to define the dimension of head injuries in Sweden over a longer period and to present a Finite Element (FE) model of the human head which can be used ...

108 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the traditional areas of impact biomechanics as they relate to brain injury caused by blunt impact, including human response to impact, human tolerance to impact and the use of human surrogates.
Abstract: This paper reviews the traditional areas of impact biomechanics as they relate to brain injury caused by blunt impact. These areas are injury mechanisms, human response to impact, human tolerance to impact and the use of human surrogates. With the advent of high-speed computers, it is now possible to add computer models to the list of human surrogates that used to be limited to animals and human cadavers. The advantages and shortcomings of current computer models are discussed. One of the computer models was used to predict the pressures and shear stresses developed in the brain and the extent of stretch of the bridging veins in the brains of American football players who sustained severe helmet-to-helmet head impact during the game. It was found that increases in intracranial pressure were more dependent on translational acceleration while the primary determinant for the development of shear stresses in the brain is rotational acceleration. Although the current head injury criterion is based almost entirely on translational acceleration, it is recommended that any new criterion should reflect the contribution of both translational and rotational acceleration.

98 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of mathematical models simulating biodynamic response to impact acceleration is given along with the associated experimental validation studies that have been performed.

87 citations