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Claudia Rafful

Bio: Claudia Rafful is an academic researcher from National Autonomous University of Mexico. The author has contributed to research in topics: Poison control & Harm reduction. The author has an hindex of 15, co-authored 39 publications receiving 730 citations. Previous affiliations of Claudia Rafful include Columbia University & University of California, San Diego.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There is limited scientific literature evaluating compulsory drug treatment and evidence does not, on the whole, suggest improved outcomes related to compulsory treatment approaches, with some studies suggesting potential harms.

148 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A modification of Kendler's risk factor model for major depression which stratifies risk factors into five groups provides a useful foundation for a comprehensive developmental model of cannabis use and cannabis use disorders.
Abstract: Aims To develop a comprehensive risk-factor model of cannabis use disorders (CUD) based on Kendler's develop- ment model for major depression. Design Risk factors were divided into five developmental tiers based on Kendler's model of depression (childhood, early adolescence, late adolescence, adulthood, past year). Hierarchical logistic regres- sion models were used to examine the independent contribution of each risk factor. Separate models were built to predict the lifetime risk of cannabis use and the risk of CUD among those with a history of lifetime risk of cannabis use. Setting Data were drawn from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) in the United States. Participants Participants consisted of wave 2 of the NESARC (n = 34 653). Measurements Odds ratios (OR), Adjusted OR (AOR) and confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to determine the risk factors in each tier and with multiple models. Findings After mutually adjusting for the effect of other risk factors, lifetime history of drug use disorder (AOR = 4.78, 95% CI = 1.53-14.91), past year alcohol use disorders (AOR = 6.55, 95% CI = 2.54-16.89) and independent (AOR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.15-2.14) and dependent (AOR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.01-1.55) stressful life events predicted lifetime cannabis use. Impulsivity (AOR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.34-3.53), past year alcohol use disorders (AOR = 4.09, 95% CI = 2.29-7.31), greater number of Axis I disorders (AOR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.01-2.40) and social deviance (AOR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.08-1.32) independently increased the risk of the development of CUD, whereas religious service attendance (AOR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.30-0.85) decreased this risk. In both models, the effect of earlier development tiers was mediated by more proximal ones. There were few gender differences in both models. Conclusions A modification of Kendler's risk factor model for major depression which stratifies risk factors into five groups (childhood, early adolescence, late adolescence, adulthood, past year) provides a useful foundation for a comprehensive developmental model of cannabis use and cannabis use disorders.

86 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Within ethnic groups, risk for suicidality was low among immigrants prior to migration compared to the US born, but equalized over time after migration, and are likely to decrease as the US-born proportion of Hispanics and Asians increases.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Suicide is the 11th leading cause of death in the USA. Suicide rates vary across ethnic groups. Whether suicide behavior differs by ethnic groups in the USA in the same way as observed for suicide death is a matter of current discussion. The aim of this report was to compare the lifetime prevalence of suicide ideation and attempt among four main ethnic groups (Asians, Blacks, Hispanics, and Whites) in the USA. Method: Suicide ideation and attempts were assessed using the World Mental Health version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI). Discrete time survival analysis was used to examine risk for lifetime suicidality by ethnicity and immigration among 15 180 participants in the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiological Surveys (CPES), a group of cross-sectional surveys. RESULTS: Suicide ideation was most common among Non-Hispanic Whites (16.10%), least common among Asians (9.02%) and intermediate among Hispanics (11.35%) and Non-Hispanic Blacks (11.82%). Suicide attempts were equally common among Non-Hispanic Whites (4.69%), Hispanics (5.11%) and Non-Hispanic Blacks (4.15%) and less common among Asians (2.55%). These differences in the crude prevalence rates of suicide ideation decreased but persisted after control for psychiatric disorders, but disappeared for suicide attempt. Within ethnic groups, risk for suicidality was low among immigrants prior to migration compared to the US born, but equalized over time after migration. CONCLUSIONS: Ethnic differences in suicidal behaviors are explained partly by differences in psychiatric disorders and low risk prior to arrival in the USA. These differences are likely to decrease as the US-born proportion of Hispanics and Asians increases. Language: en

64 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There is a need to improve detection and treatment of prescription opioid use disorder and some comorbid psychiatric disorders increase the rate of treatment-seeking and decrease delays to first-treatment contact.

55 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper examined sociodemographic and clinical predictors of quit attempts and successful quit attempts in a nationally representative sample of US adults and found that having an educational level below high school and older age at first nicotine use were predictors for successful quitting.

51 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The gender difference in depression represents a health disparity, especially in adolescence, yet the magnitude of the difference indicates that depression in men should not be overlooked, yet cross-national analyses indicated that larger gender differences were found in nations with greater gender equity, for major depression, but not depression symptoms.
Abstract: In 2 meta-analyses on gender differences in depression in nationally representative samples, we advance previous work by including studies of depression diagnoses and symptoms to (a) estimate the magnitude of the gender difference in depression across a wide array of nations and ages; (b) use a developmental perspective to elucidate patterns of gender differences across the life span; and (c) incorporate additional theory-driven moderators (e.g., gender equity). For major depression diagnoses and depression symptoms, respectively, we meta-analyzed data from 65 and 95 articles and their corresponding national data sets, representing data from 1,716,195 and 1,922,064 people in over 90 different nations. Overall, odds ratio (OR) = 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.88, 2.03], and d = 0.27 [0.26, 0.29]. Age was the strongest predictor of effect size. The gender difference for diagnoses emerged earlier than previously thought, with OR = 2.37 at age 12. For both meta-analyses, the gender difference peaked in adolescence (OR = 3.02 for ages 13-15, and d = 0.47 for age 16) but then declined and remained stable in adulthood. Cross-national analyses indicated that larger gender differences were found in nations with greater gender equity, for major depression, but not depression symptoms. The gender difference in depression represents a health disparity, especially in adolescence, yet the magnitude of the difference indicates that depression in men should not be overlooked. (PsycINFO Database Record

1,173 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors verdeutliche meine Besorgnis uber zahlreiche Umformungen der Grounded Theory (GT), die with deren Rezeption durch Methodologien der qualitative Datenanalyse (QDA) einhergehen, and hieraus folgende Erosionen.
Abstract: In diesem Beitrag verdeutliche ich meine Besorgnis uber zahlreiche Umformungen der Grounded Theory (GT), die mit deren Rezeption durch Methodologien der qualitative Datenanalyse (QDA) einhergehen, und hieraus folgende Erosionen. Ich skizziere zunachst einige Beispiele hierfur, um danach die essentiellen Bestandteile der klassischen GT-Methodologie zusammenzufassen. Ich hoffe, dass dieser Beitrag meine Besorgnis uber die wachsende, aber meines Erachtens missverstandene Einvernahme von GT durch QDA-Methodologien veranschaulicht und zugleich als einfuhrender Leitfaden fur Novizen und Novizinnen dient, die daran interessiert sind, die grundlegenden Prinzipien der GT nachzuvollziehen. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs040245

925 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The 12-month prevalence of prescription opioid use by sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions, and behavioral health status; the prevalence of misuse and use disorders among prescription opioid users; motivations for misuse; and sources of prescription opioids among adults with misuse andUse disorders are examined.
Abstract: Despite the continuing epidemic of opioid misuse, data about the prevalence and correlates of misuse are scarce. This study used data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health to estimate the...

718 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a best seller book, "death without weeping the violence of everyday life in brazil writer by" is described. But, it is not available in the format of pdf, ppt, kindle, pdf, word, txt, etc.
Abstract: Have free times? Read death without weeping the violence of everyday life in brazil writer by Why? A best seller book worldwide with wonderful worth and material is integrated with interesting words. Where? Simply here, in this website you could read online. Want download? Certainly offered, download them additionally right here. Readily available data are as word, ppt, txt, kindle, pdf, rar, and zip. Whatever our proffesion, death without weeping the violence of everyday life in brazil can be good source for reading. Discover the existing documents of word, txt, kindle, ppt, zip, pdf, as well as rar in this site. You could absolutely read online or download this book by below. Now, never miss it. death without weeping the violence of everyday life in brazil by is just one of the most effective seller publications on the planet? Have you had it? Not at all? Ridiculous of you. Currently, you could get this fantastic publication just right here. Discover them is format of ppt, kindle, pdf, word, txt, rar, and also zip. How? Simply download and install or even read online in this site. Currently, never ever late to read this death without weeping the violence of everyday life in brazil. GO TO THE TECHNICAL WRITING FOR AN EXPANDED TYPE OF THIS DEATH WITHOUT WEEPING THE VIOLENCE OF EVERYDAY LIFE IN BRAZIL, ALONG WITH A CORRECTLY FORMATTED VERSION OF THE INSTANCE MANUAL PAGE ABOVE.

699 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The upshot of these needs for change is both dismaying and exciting, both disturbing in the destruction of long-familiar patterns of dealing with human suffering, and paradoxically hopeful in raising the possibility that significant failures in health care systems of the past may now be addressed more successfully.
Abstract: The upshot of these needs for change is both dismaying and exciting, both disturbing in the destruction of long-familiar patterns of dealing with human suffering, and paradoxically hopeful in raising the possibility that significant failures in our health care systems of the past — limited access to medical care and grossly inadequate public sector “non-systems”, for example — may now be addressed more successfully.

635 citations