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Author

Clive Kennedy

Bio: Clive Kennedy is an academic researcher from Instituto Politécnico Nacional. The author has contributed to research in topics: Fauna & Cichlid. The author has an hindex of 4, co-authored 5 publications receiving 111 citations.
Topics: Fauna, Cichlid, Acanthocephala, Cichlasoma

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present and analyze positional data on 18 helminth species forming the intestinal infracommunities of 59 Cichlasoma synspilum from southeastern Mexico.
Abstract: This study presents and analyzes positional data on 18 helminth species forming the intestinal infracommunities of 59 Cichlasoma synspilum from southeastern Mexico. Interspecific interactions were found between 4 pairs of host specialists: Crassicutis cichlasomae (Digenea) with Neoechinorhynchus golvani (Acanthocephala), Spirocamallanus rebecae (Nematoda) with N. golvani, and Raillietnema kritscheri (Nematoda) with N. golvani. The interactions were expressed as negative correlations, positional shifts, and reductions in realized distribution. It is suggested that N. golvani produces unsuitable habitats for C. cichlasomae, S. rebecae, and R. kristscheri. All interactions were found among phylogenetically unrelated helminth specialists of cichlids.

27 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Pomphorhynchus patagonicus n.
Abstract: Pomphorhynchus patagonicus n. sp. is described from Lake Rosario, Chubut Province, Argentina. It is characterized by a long neck forming an asymmetrical bulb with 2 well differentiated dorsal protruberances and 14 alternating rows of 13 and 14 proboscis hooks, each row with a stout fourth hook. It most closely resembles Pomphorhynchus sebastichthydis Yamaguti, 1939, from Japan, but differs in the bulb protruberances and in having more rows of hooks and more hooks per row and in the shapes of the fourth and basal hooks. Among American species P. patagonicus shows some similarities to Pomphorhynchus yamagutii Schmidt and Hugghins, 1973, from Chile, but differs with respect to the longer neck, bulb protruberances, and proboscis armature. Pomphorhynchus patagonicus is endemic to Patagonia, where its definitive type host is the endemic fish Patagonina hatcheri (Atherinidae) and its intermediate host the endemic freshwater amphipod Hyalella patagonica. It has been found also in autochthonous fishes belonging to the families Galaxiidae and Percichthyidae and in introduced salmonid fishes.

10 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Parasitic fauna of reservoir fishes of the USSR and its evolution, Parasites of reservoir fish of the Soviet Union and their evolution and more.
Abstract: Parasitic fauna of reservoir fishes of the USSR and its evolution , Parasitic fauna of reservoir fishes of the USSR and its evolution , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی

2 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The goal of this review is to summarise current knowledge on the causes and consequences of multiparasitism and to discuss the different methods and tools that researchers have developed to study the factors that lead to multiparAsitism.
Abstract: Most parasites co-occur with other parasites, although the importance of such multiparasitism has only recently been recognised. Co-infections may result when hosts are independently infected by different parasites at the same time or when interactions among parasite species facilitate co-occurrence. Such interactions can have important repercussions on human or animal health because they can alter host susceptibility, infection duration, transmission risks, and clinical symptoms. These interactions may be synergistic or antagonistic and thus produce diverse effects in infected humans and animals. Interactions among parasites strongly influence parasite dynamics and therefore play a major role in structuring parasite populations (both within and among hosts) as well as host populations. However, several methodological challenges remain when it comes to detecting parasite interactions. The goal of this review is to summarise current knowledge on the causes and consequences of multiparasitism and to discuss the different methods and tools that researchers have developed to study the factors that lead to multiparasitism. It also identifies new research directions to pursue.

148 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: Important aspects of the biology, ecology, life cycle and pathogenesis of parasites in the genus Ribeiroia are reviewed and particular importance for future research is placed on evaluating the phylogenetic position of the genus, establishing the molecular mechanism of parasite-induced malformations in amphibians and isolating the drivers of parasite transmission under field conditions.
Abstract: Trematodes in the genus Ribeiroia have an indirect life cycle involving planorbid snails as first intermediate hosts, fishes or amphibians as second intermediate hosts and birds or mammals as definitive hosts. Although rarely pathogenic in definitive hosts, Ribeiroia infection can cause severe pathology and mortality in snails and amphibians. This group of parasites has gained notoriety for its prominent rol in the recent rash of amphibian deformities in North America. Under some circumstances, these malformations may enhance parasite transmission by rendering infected amphibian hosts more susceptible to definitive host predators. However, increasing reports of malformations in North American amphibian populations emphasize the importance of understanding infection patterns. Here we review important aspects of the biology, ecology, life cycle and pathogenesis of parasites in the genus Ribeiroia and identify priorities for future research. Based on available morphological descriptions and preliminary molecular data, three species of Ribeiroia are recognized: R. ondatrae in the Americas, R. marini in the Caribbean and R. congolensis/C. lileta in Africa. We further evaluate the influence of abiotic and biotic factors in determining the intensity and prevalence of Ribeiroia infection and malformations in amphibians, highlighting the importance of habitat alteration and secondary factors (e.g. aquatic eutrophication, contaminants) in promoting infection. Although not a "new" parasite, Ribeiroia may have increased in range, prevalence, or intensity in recent years, particularly within amphibian hosts. Nevertheless, while much is known about this intriguing group of parasites, there remains much that we do not know. Particular importance for future research is placed on the following areas: evaluating the phylogenetic position of the genus, establishing the molecular mechanism of parasite-induced malformations in amphibians, isolating the drivers of parasite transmission under field conditions and studying the consequences of malformations for parasite and host populations. Investigation of these questions will benefit enormously from a multidisciplinary approach that effectively integrates parasitology, developmental biology, immunology, herpetology and aquatic ecology.

134 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The change of scale in analysis has enabled the recognition of generalizations and patterns of heuristic value and improved the understanding of unpredictable communities by interpreting local variation as ecological 'noise' that often obscures fundamental patterns.
Abstract: Problems of pattern and scale are considered in relation to helminth communities of freshwater fish by examining them at different hierarchical taxonomic and spatial scales, with a view to seeking generalizations of heuristic value, assessing the importance of phylogenetic and ecological determinants of community structure and improving understanding of unpredictable communities. Initially, communities were analysed at the level of salmonid genera, focusing on Oncorhynchus, in its heartland in Canada: then in O. mykiss throughout its global range and finally in individual localities to which it has been introduced in Britain. In the heartland, communities are dominated by salmonid specialist helminths, forming a phylogenetic element: the minority ecological element comprises broad generalists and non-salmonid specialists. Most species except generic specialists are shared between host genera. As the distance to which O. mykiss was translocated from its heartland increases, so generic specialists disappear first and then salmonid specialists decline. The community is thus increasingly composed of generalists and it also becomes increasingly poor. Helminths may be acquired from native salmonids and/or unrelated hosts, depending on availability. This same pattern is paralleled in individual localities in a restricted region: the phylogenetic element reflects the native salmonid species present and the ecological element the presence of other genera of fish, i.e. a supply-side situation. The change of scale in analysis has thus enabled the recognition of generalizations and patterns of heuristic value and improved the understanding of unpredictable communities by interpreting local variation as ecological ‘noise’ that often obscures fundamental patterns. In this and other taxa of fish, phylogenetic elements dominate helminth communities in the heartlands, but ecological elements dominate as the host increasingly becomes a stranger in a strange land.

133 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Given its wide distribution among Mexican freshwater fish species, the abundance of the parasite and its high pathogenicity, parasitological data for B. acheilognathi should be considered as an important factor in native fish conservation policies.
Abstract: Introduction of the parasite Bothriocephalus acheilognathi Yamaguti, 1934 with the herbivorous carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus, and other cyprinids, has been documented in almost every continent, except Antarctica. This study presents the current geographical distribution of this cestode in the freshwater fish of Mexico, highlighting infections in autochthonous and endemic species. It compiles existing information and presents original data. B. acheilognathi is widely dispersed among the freshwater fish of Mexico, being recorded to date in 49 fish species from 26 genera, 7 families and 5 orders. B. acheilognathi is reported from Mexico for the first time in Dionda ipni, Notropis celayensis, Yuriria alta, Gambusia vittata, Poecilia butleri, P. mexicana, Poeciliopsis baenschi, Poeciliopsis sp., Cichlasoma cyanoguttatum and C. labridens. The new hosts identified in this study bring the total number of known host species to 102 in 14 families and 7 orders of freshwater fishes around the world. Given its wide distribution among Mexican freshwater fish species, the abundance of the parasite and its high pathogenicity, parasitological data for B. acheilognathi should be considered as an important factor in native fish conservation policies. Biological changes in the freshwater habitats in Mexico caused by the introduction of exotic fish species and their parasites are virtually ubiquitous and extremely difficult to eradicate once established. As such, they should be considered as one of the most serious threats to native fish conservation.

104 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Better understanding of all aspects of the life cycle, transmission, host-parasite relationships and the effective control of C. formosanus in Mexico is necessary and adequate preventive and control measures should be applied in aquaculture.
Abstract: The taxonomy, distributional history, present occurrence, life cycle, morphology of developmental stages and epizootiology of the heterophyid trematode Centrocestus formosanus (Nishigori, 1924) in Mexico are reviewed. This parasite was most likely introduced to Mexico with the importation of the first intermediate host, the thiarid snail Melanoides tuberculata, from Asia in 1979. Centrocestus formosanus was first recorded in 1985 as metacercariae in fry of the first generation of black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus imported from China and subsequently in other fish from a farm in central Mexico. Since that time the trematode has spread rapidly over a wide area which includes central Mexico and both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. This rapid spread has apparently been enabled by previous propagation of M. tuberculata in Mexico. Metacercariae of C. formosanus occur encysted on the gills of fish. They have been found in 39 species of fish of the families Atherinidae, Characidae, Cichlidae, Cyprinidae...

100 citations