Showing papers by "Conrad L. Schoch published in 2009"
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Oregon State University1, Yale University2, Duke University3, Clark University4, University of Tennessee5, Kaiserslautern University of Technology6, Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures7, University of Copenhagen8, University of Tabriz9, Harvard University10, University of Pretoria11, ATCC12, Louisiana State University13, University of Texas at Austin14, Aberystwyth University15, United States Department of Agriculture16, Field Museum of Natural History17, Pennsylvania State University18, University of California, Berkeley19, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill20, Stellenbosch University21, Free University of Berlin22, Washington State University23, Brandon University24, Landcare Research25, University of Helsinki26, University of Giessen27, University of Nottingham28, Swedish Museum of Natural History29, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh30
TL;DR: A 6-gene, 420-species maximum-likelihood phylogeny of Ascomycota, the largest phylum of Fungi, and a phylogenetic informativeness analysis of all 6 genes and a series of ancestral character state reconstructions support a terrestrial, saprobic ecology as ancestral are presented.
Abstract: We present a 6-gene, 420-species maximum-likelihood phylogeny of Ascomycota, the largest phylum of Fungi. This analysis is the most taxonomically complete to date with species sampled from all 15 currently circumscribed classes. A number of superclass-level nodes that have previously evaded resolution and were unnamed in classifications of the Fungi are resolved for the first time. Based on the 6-gene phylogeny we conducted a phylogenetic informativeness analysis of all 6 genes and a series of ancestral character state reconstructions that focused on morphology of sporocarps, ascus dehiscence, and evolution of nutritional modes and ecologies. A gene-by-gene assessment of phylogenetic informativeness yielded higher levels of informativeness for protein genes (RPB1, RPB2, and TEF1) as compared with the ribosomal genes, which have been the standard bearer in fungal systematics. Our reconstruction of sporocarp characters is consistent with 2 origins for multicellular sexual reproductive structures in Ascomycota, once in the common ancestor of Pezizomycotina and once in the common ancestor of Neolectomycetes. This first report of dual origins of ascomycete sporocarps highlights the complicated nature of assessing homology of morphological traits across Fungi. Furthermore, ancestral reconstruction supports an open sporocarp with an exposed hymenium (apothecium) as the primitive morphology for Pezizomycotina with multiple derivations of the partially (perithecia) or completely enclosed (cleistothecia) sporocarps. Ascus dehiscence is most informative at the class level within Pezizomycotina with most superclass nodes reconstructed equivocally. Character-state reconstructions support a terrestrial, saprobic ecology as ancestral. In contrast to previous studies, these analyses support multiple origins of lichenization events with the loss of lichenization as less frequent and limited to terminal, closely related species.
592 citations
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National Institutes of Health1, Kean University2, Murdoch University3, Agricultural Research Service4, University of Graz5, Hirosaki University6, Mae Fah Luang University7, Biotec8, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill9, Uppsala University10, Masaryk University11, DePaul University12, Oregon State University13, Illinois Natural History Survey14, University of Illinois at Chicago15, University of Chicago16, University of Minnesota17, Universidade Nova de Lisboa18, Prince of Songkla University19, University of Hong Kong20, Blaise Pascal University21, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign22, Technical University of Madrid23, Tuscia University24, Tottori University25, University of Pretoria26, Stellenbosch University27
TL;DR: A genomic comparison of 6 dothideomycete genomes with other fungi finds a high level of unique protein associated with the class, supporting its delineation as a separate taxon.
507 citations
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TL;DR: It is concluded that the strictly plant pathogenic, nectrotrophic families evolved from saprobic ancestors (Capnodiaceae), which is the more primitive state.
302 citations
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TL;DR: Both ecological and morphological characters show varying degrees of phylogenetic significance in Pleosporalean taxa.
262 citations
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TL;DR: Specific attention is given to the adaptation of the Dothideomycetes to the marine milieu, new lineages of marine fungi and their host specificity.
200 citations
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TL;DR: The broad phylogenetic amplitude of RIF in Dothideomycetes suggests that total species richness in this class remains underestimated and composition of some RIF-rich lineages suggests that rock surfaces are reservoirs for plant-associated fungi or saprobes, although other data also agree with rocks as a primary substrate for ancient fungal lineages.
191 citations
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TL;DR: A reappraisal of the phylogenetic integrity of bitunicate ascomycete fungi belonging to or previously affiliated with the Hysteriaceae, Mytilinidiaceae, Gloniaceae and Patellariaceae is presented, based on an analysis of 121 isolates and four nuclear genes.
98 citations
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TL;DR: It is concluded that the evolution of the hysterothecium occurred multiple times within the Pleosporomycetidae, and alone it is not a synapomorphic character state for the Hysteriaceae.
68 citations
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TL;DR: A multi-gene phylogeny is evaluated and a novel order and class in Ascomycota is proposed and the continued use of ‘Leotiomyceta’, now as a rankless taxon, is proposed.
Abstract: Featuring a high level of taxon sampling across Ascomycota, we evaluate a multi-gene phylogeny and propose a novel order and class in Ascomycota. We describe two new taxa, Geoglossomycetes and Geoglossales, to host three earth tongue genera: Geoglossum, Trichoglossum and Sarcoleotia as a lineage of 'Leotiomyceta'. Correspondingly, we confirm that these genera are not closely related to the genera Neolecta, Mitrula, Cudonia, Microglossum, Thuemenidum, Spathularia and Bryoglossum, all of which have been previously placed within the Geoglossaceae. We also propose a non-hierarchical system for naming well-resolved nodes, such as 'Saccharo- myceta', 'Dothideomyceta', and 'Sordariomyceta' for supraordinal nodes, within the current phylogeny, acting as rankless taxa. As part of this revision, the continued use of 'Leotiomyceta', now as a rankless taxon, is proposed.
57 citations
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TL;DR: Hypogymnia minilobata is described as a new species of lichenized fungi from the coast of southern California and the Channel Islands that is distinguished from that species by its small size, consistently appressed growth form, slightly smaller and more elongate spores, and distinct ITS and GPD sequences.
Abstract: Hypogymnia minilobata is described as a new species of lichenized fungi from the coast of southern California and the Channel Islands. Previously lumped under H. occidentalis, H. minilobata is distinguished from that species by its small size, consistently appressed growth form, slightly smaller and more elongate spores, and distinct ITS and GPD sequences. So far H. minilobata is known from coastal scrub and woodlands, and is especially common in the Los Osos and Baywood areas of San Luis Obispo County, California.
10 citations
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TL;DR: This volume presents a re-evaluation of phylogenetic relationships within the class Dothideomycetes, which is by far the largest and arguably most phylogenetically diverse class within the largest fungal phylum, Ascomycota.