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Craig N. Sawchuk

Bio: Craig N. Sawchuk is an academic researcher from Mayo Clinic. The author has contributed to research in topics: Cognitive behavioral therapy & Anxiety. The author has an hindex of 6, co-authored 22 publications receiving 159 citations.

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TL;DR: Non-pharmacological therapies of depression reduce depression symptoms and should be considered along with antidepressant therapy for the treatment of mild-to-severe depression.
Abstract: Background The comparative effectiveness of non-pharmacological treatments of depression remains unclear. Methods We conducted an overview of systematic reviews to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the efficacy and adverse effects of non-pharmacological treatments of depression. We searched multiple electronic databases through February 2016 without language restrictions. Pairs of reviewers determined eligibility, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Meta-analyses were conducted when appropriate. Result We included 367 RCTs enrolling ∼20 000 patients treated with 11 treatments leading to 17 unique head-to-head comparisons. Cognitive behavioural therapy, naturopathic therapy, biological interventions and physical activity interventions reduced depression severity as measured using standardised scales. However, the relative efficacy among these non-pharmacological interventions was lacking. The effect of these interventions on clinical response and remission was unclear. Adverse events were lower than antidepressants. Limitation The quality of evidence was low to moderate due to inconsistency and unclear or high risk of bias, limiting our confidence in findings. Conclusions Non-pharmacological therapies of depression reduce depression symptoms and should be considered along with antidepressant therapy for the treatment of mild-to-severe depression. A shared decision-making approach is needed to choose between non-pharmacological therapies based on values, preferences, clinical and social context.

71 citations

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TL;DR: Findings suggest that although the three disgust domains are associated with contamination anxiety and avoidance, individual differences in contamination disgust sensitivity appear to be most uniquely predictive of contamination-related distress.

49 citations

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TL;DR: Survivors of SCAD have significant rates of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety, which are associated with lower quality of life specifically among those with lower resiliency.
Abstract: Background Mental health after spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), a cause of myocardial infarction in young women, remains largely unexplored. We assessed the prevalence and severity of...

37 citations

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TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe an approach to quickly adapt to a teletherapy technology platform for an intensive outpatient program (IOP) guided by cognitive and behavioral modular principles for adults with serious mental illness.

17 citations

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TL;DR: Patients suffering from anxiety, depression, and adjustment disorders can be effectively treated in primary care with CBT, and future efforts are needed to match patient characteristics with the types and timing of therapy interventions to improve clinical and functional outcomes.

15 citations


Cited by
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TL;DR: A set of rarely reported psychometric indices that can be derived from a standardized loading matrix in a confirmatory bifactor model are applied: omega reliability coefficients, factor determinacy, construct replicability, explained common variance, and percentage of uncontaminated correlations.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to apply a set of rarely reported psychometric indices that, nevertheless, are important to consider when evaluating psychological measures. All can be derived from a standardized loading matrix in a confirmatory bifactor model: omega reliability coefficients, factor determinacy, construct replicability, explained common variance, and percentage of uncontaminated correlations. We calculated these indices and extended the findings of 50 recent bifactor model estimation studies published in psychopathology, personality, and assessment journals. These bifactor derived indices (most not presented in the articles) provided a clearer and more complete picture of the psychometric properties of the assessment instruments. We reached 2 firm conclusions. First, although all measures had been tagged “multidimensional,” unit-weighted total scores overwhelmingly reflected variance due to a single latent variable. Second, unit-weighted subscale scores often have ambiguous interpret...

575 citations

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TL;DR: The authors argue that the application of the bifactor model and related models require a 2-level sampling process that is usually not present in empirical studies and demonstrate how alternative models with a G-factor and specific factors can be derived that are more well-defined for the actual single- level sampling design that underlies most empirical studies.
Abstract: G-factor models such as the bifactor model and the hierarchical G-factor model are increasingly applied in psychology. Many applications of these models have produced anomalous and unexpected results that are often not in line with the theoretical assumptions on which these applications are based. Examples of such anomalous results are vanishing specific factors and irregular loading patterns. In this article, the authors show that from the perspective of stochastic measurement theory anomalous results have to be expected when G-factor models are applied to a single-level (rather than a 2-level) sampling process. The authors argue that the application of the bifactor model and related models require a 2-level sampling process that is usually not present in empirical studies. We demonstrate how alternative models with a G-factor and specific factors can be derived that are more well-defined for the actual single-level sampling design that underlies most empirical studies. It is shown in detail how 2 alternative models, the bifactor-(S - 1) model and the bifactor-(S·I - 1) model, can be defined. The properties of these models are described and illustrated with an empirical example. Finally, further alternatives for analyzing multidimensional models are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record

219 citations

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TL;DR: A clinical update on the diagnosis and management of patients with SCAD is provided, including pregnancy-associated SCAD and pregnancy after SCAD, and high-priority knowledge gaps that must be addressed are highlighted.

162 citations

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TL;DR: Black cohosh, chamomile, chasteberry, lavender, passionflower, and saffron appear useful in mitigating anxiety or depression with favorable risk–benefit profiles compared to standard treatments, which may benefit cancer patients by minimizing medication load and accompanying side effects.
Abstract: Anxiety and depression are prevalent among cancer patients, with significant negative impact. Many patients prefer herbs for symptom relief to conventional medications which have limited efficacy/side effects. We identified single-herb medicines that may warrant further study in cancer patients. Our search included PubMed, Allied and Complementary Medicine, Embase, and Cochrane databases, selecting only single-herb randomized controlled trials between 1996 and 2016 in any population for data extraction, excluding herbs with known potential for interactions with cancer treatments. One hundred articles involving 38 botanicals met our criteria. Among herbs most studied (≥6 randomized controlled trials each), lavender, passionflower, and saffron produced benefits comparable to standard anxiolytics and antidepressants. Black cohosh, chamomile, and chasteberry are also promising. Anxiety or depressive symptoms were measured in all studies, but not always as primary endpoints. Overall, 45% of studies reported positive findings with fewer adverse effects compared with conventional medications. Based on available data, black cohosh, chamomile, chasteberry, lavender, passionflower, and saffron appear useful in mitigating anxiety or depression with favorable risk-benefit profiles compared to standard treatments. These may benefit cancer patients by minimizing medication load and accompanying side effects. However, well-designed larger clinical trials are needed before these herbs can be recommended and to further assess their psycho-oncologic relevance.

123 citations

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TL;DR: A systematic review of existing meta-analyses of RCTs and generated an evidence map for efficacy of nutritional supplements and dietary interventions for CVD prevention, using PubMed, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library as sources.
Abstract: This umbrella review of 277 trials and 24 interventions summarizes evidence about the effects of nutritional supplements and dietary interventions on cardiovascular outcomes.

110 citations