Cristiane S. Farinas

Bio: Cristiane S. Farinas is an academic researcher from Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária. The author has contributed to research in topics: Bagasse & Cellulase. The author has an hindex of 29, co-authored 138 publications receiving 2891 citations. Previous affiliations of Cristiane S. Farinas include University of Cambridge & Federal University of São Carlos.

Bacterial Cellulose as a Raw Material for Food and Food Packaging Applications

Abstract: Bacterial cellulose (BC) has been produced for a number of applications, mainly focused on the biomedical area. Although there is a variety of interesting applications of BC for food and food packaging, only a few have been explored to the moment, since the high cost of BC production is usually considered as a limiting factor. On the other hand, several cost-effective culture media have been proposed, contributing to reduce BC production costs. This article overviews the bioprocess conditions that affects BC production and the main possible applications of BC for food and food packaging purposes.

2G ethanol from the whole sugarcane lignocellulosic biomass.

Abstract: In the sugarcane industry, large amounts of lignocellulosic residues are generated, which includes bagasse, straw, and tops. The use of the whole sugarcane lignocellulosic biomass for the production of second-generation (2G) ethanol can be a potential alternative to contribute to the economic viability of this process. Here, we conducted a systematic comparative study of the use of the lignocellulosic residues from the whole sugarcane lignocellulosic biomass (bagasse, straw, and tops) from commercial sugarcane varieties for the production of 2G ethanol. In addition, the feasibility of using a mixture of these residues from a selected variety was also investigated. The materials were pretreated with dilute acid and hydrolyzed with a commercial enzymatic preparation, after which the hydrolysates were fermented using an industrial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The susceptibility to enzymatic saccharification was higher for the tops, followed by straw and bagasse. Interestingly, the fermentability of the hydrolysates showed a different profile, with straw achieving the highest ethanol yields, followed by tops and bagasse. Using a mixture of the different sugarcane parts (bagasse-straw-tops, 1:1:1, in a dry-weight basis), it was possible to achieve a 55% higher enzymatic conversion and a 25% higher ethanol yield, compared to use of the bagasse alone. For the four commercial sugarcane varieties evaluated using the same experimental set of conditions, it was found that the variety of sugarcane was not a significant factor in the 2G ethanol production process. Assessment of use of the whole lignocellulosic sugarcane biomass clearly showed that 2G ethanol production could be significantly improved by the combined use of bagasse, straw, and tops, when compared to the use of bagasse alone. The lower susceptibility to saccharification of sugarcane bagasse, as well as the lower fermentability of its hydrolysates, can be compensated by using it in combination with straw and tops (sugarcane trash). Furthermore, given that the variety was not a significant factor for the 2G ethanol production process within the four commercial sugarcane varieties evaluated here, agronomic features such as higher productivity and tolerance of soil and climate variations can be used as the criteria for variety selection.

Developments in solid-state fermentation for the production of biomass-degrading enzymes for the bioenergy sector

Abstract: Solid-state fermentation (SSF) processes have enormous potential for many new applications using the bioconversion of agro-industrial residues into biofuels and other high value-added products. The agricultural sector is currently undergoing global expansion, especially in relation to crops used for energy production as a strategy to reduce dependence on petroleum and mitigate the effects of climate change. Consequently, a similar expansion is expected in the amounts of agricultural and forestry residues generated. The conversion of these lignocellulosic biomasses using enzymes is likely to be a key technology in future biorefineries. However, in order to make the enzymatic conversion of biomass commercially viable, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of (hemi)cellulolytic enzymes production and reduce the costs of the enzymatic cocktails employed. The focus of this review is on recent developments in SSF processes for enzymes production, and the application of such techniques in the bioenergy sector. An overview of the enzymes required for the conversion of biomass, important SSF process variables related to the production of (hemi)cellulolytic enzymes, the bioreactors that have been used for this purpose, and novel SSF configurations is provided. It is hoped that the information gathered together here will assist in the development of SSF processes that enable efficient future production of the enzymes required for the conversion of biomass.

I and i

Abstract: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality. Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

Abstract: THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

Recent progress in cellulose nanocrystals: sources and production

Abstract: Cellulose nanocrystals, a class of fascinating bio-based nanoscale materials, have received a tremendous amount of interest both in industry and academia owing to its unique structural features and impressive physicochemical properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, renewability, low density, adaptable surface chemistry, optical transparency, and improved mechanical properties. This nanomaterial is a promising candidate for applications in fields such as biomedical, pharmaceuticals, electronics, barrier films, nanocomposites, membranes, supercapacitors, etc. New resources, new extraction procedures, and new treatments are currently under development to satisfy the increasing demand of manufacturing new types of cellulose nanocrystals-based materials on an industrial scale. Therefore, this review addresses the recent progress in the production methodologies of cellulose nanocrystals, covering principal cellulose resources and the main processes used for its isolation. A critical and analytical examination of the shortcomings of various approaches employed so far is made. Additionally, structural organization of cellulose and nomenclature of cellulose nanomaterials have also been discussed for beginners in this field.

Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Of Plants

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