Cynthia Copeland

Bio: Cynthia Copeland is an academic researcher from New York Historical Society. The author has contributed to research in topics: Fast track & Intensive care unit. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 2 publications receiving 15 citations.

Seneca Village and Little Africa: Two African American Communities in Antebellum New York City

Abstract: African Americans in antebellum New York City followed several different residence strategies in the face of ongoing discrimination. Most lived in enclaves, dispersed throughout poorer neighborhoods that were by no means primarily black. One such enclave was Little Africa. Some lived separately in places like Seneca Village, an African American community just outside of town. This study compares the residents of these two neighborhoods and suggests that the members of these groups were quite different from each other in a number of ways. Aggregation of these differences suggests that the groups represent different socioeconomic classes. This finding runs counter to the views of many commentators and scholars (including archaeologists) who talk about the “African American community,” implying that the African American population formed (and forms) a homogeneous whole.

Integrated Use Of Geophysics, Gis And Archeological Records To Locate Seneca Village

Abstract: Seneca Village was an African American - Irish village located in what is now New York City's Central Park. As part of the construction of Central Park the village was razed in the 1850s and no surficial remnants remain. Increasing interest in the history of Seneca Village led to an effort to use a combination of geophysics, archeology and GIS to locate possible remnants of the village. This effort is complicated due to possible intense (but unknown) site modification during the construction of the park and post park infrastructure construction. Using a range of geophysical tools (GPR, resistivity and EM31) a suite of layers of geophysical data was collected. These were integrated in a GIS with a high quality basemap (which contains the current park layout), the subsurface infrastructure layout and orthorectified and digitized historical maps. By interpreting these results jointly a number of more and less promising areas were identified which possibly can contain undisturbed remnants of Seneca Village.

A 3-hour fast-track extubation protocol for early extubation after cardiac surgery

Abstract: Early extubation after cardiac surgery improves outcomes and reduces cost. We investigated the effect of a multidisciplinary 3-hour fast-track protocol on extubation, intensive care unit length of stay time, and reintubation rate after a wide range of cardiac surgical procedures.We performed an observational study of 472 adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery at a large academic institution. A multidisciplinary 3-hour fast-track protocol was applied to a wide range of cardiac procedures. Data were collected 4 months before and 6 months after protocol implementation. Cox regression model assessed factors associated with extubation time and intensive care unit length of stay.A total of 217 patients preprotocol implementation and 255 patients postprotocol implementation were included. Baseline characteristics were similar except for the median procedure time and dexmedetomidine use. The median extubation time was reduced by 44% (4:43 hours vs 3:08 hours; P < .001) in the postprotocol group. Extubation within 3 hours was achieved in 49.4% of patients in the postprotocol group compared with 25.8% patients in the preprotocol group; P < .001. There was no statistically significant difference in the intensive care unit length of stay after controlling for other factors. Early extubation was associated with only 1 patient requiring reintubation in the postprotocol group.The multidisciplinary 3-hour fast-track extubation protocol is a safe and effective tool to further reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation after a wide range of cardiac surgical procedures. The protocol implementation did not decrease the intensive care unit length of stay.

An Archaeology of Community Life: Appalachia, 1865–1920

Abstract: Archaeology has the potential to contribute significant information about community building in the lives of former enslaved laborers. In this article, I consider the role of race and racism in the creation, maintenance and material manifestation of community in post-emancipation Appalachia.

Fueling a Third Paradigm of Education: The Pedagogical Implications of Digital, Social and Mobile Media

Abstract: Emerging technologies are fueling a third paradigm of education. Digital, networked and mobile media are enabling a disruptive transformation of the teaching and learning process. This paradigm challenges traditional assumptions that have long characterized educational institutions and processes, including basic notions of space, time, content, and learning outcomes. Innovative educators have an opportunity to blend face-to-face and digital learning models to advance an engaged, effective, efficient and affordable model of learning in the 21st century. This emerging paradigm includes changes in at least five key teaching and learning dimensions, including the direction of communication, the level of interactivity, the media of communication, the constraints on the educational process, and the learning outcomes. Recommendations for implementing new teaching and learning techniques are offered.

Constructing Community: Experiences of Identity, Economic Opportunity, and Institution Building at Boston’s African Meeting House

Abstract: The African Meeting House in Boston became a center of the city’s free black community during the nineteenth century. Archaeological excavations at this site recovered material from the Meeting House backlot and a neighboring apartment building occupied by black tenants. These artifacts reveal strategies the community used to negotiate a place for themselves, create economic opportunities, and build community institutions. The Meeting House helped foster community success and became a powerful center for African American action on abolition, educational equality, and military integration. The present study argues that the archaeological and historical evidence from the African Meeting House demonstrates the power of the actions of individuals in the black community to counter widespread racial inequality with personal and community success.

Collaborative Archaeology, Oral History, and Social Memory at Timbuctoo, New Jersey

Abstract: This article discusses ongoing research concerning the African-American community of Timbuctoo in Burlington County, New Jersey. Through the course of this work, a group of community descendants, Temple University archaeologists and vested community members utilize a collaborative approach to the history and archaeology of the town. Along with analysis of archaeological and written sources, researchers interviewed former residents and community descendants in an effort to better contextualize the past. Joining a growing movement of community-based archaeology projects, this work seeks through collaboration to complicate histories and interpretations of Timbuctoo. This collaborative approach seeks to better understand the past of Timbuctoo and to facilitate discourse on the constructions of race, class, and power in the present.