Showing papers by "Cyrus Cooper published in 1989"

Osteoporosis--an epidemiological perspective: a review.

Abstract: Osteoporosis, defined as a reduction in bone mass', constitutes a major public health problem through its association with age-related fractures. The most important sites at which these fractures occur are the hip, vertebra and distal radius. However, other fractures such as those of the proximal humerus and pelvis, are increasingly being recognized as associated with osteoporosis. This review outlines the descriptive epidemiology of the three major age-related fractures, the patterns of change in bone mass with age, the relationship between bone mass and fracture risk, and the individual risk factors for osteoporosis.

Use of laser Doppler flowmetry and transcutaneous oxygen tension electrodes to assess local autonomic dysfunction in patients with frozen shoulder.

Abstract: The laser Doppler flowmeter (LDF), which measures changes in cutaneous blood flow, and the transcutaneous oxygen electrode which measures cutaneous perfusion, were used to study reflex changes in the microcirculation of the shoulder in 38 patients with frozen shoulder and 10 normal controls. In all controls and 22 patients with frozen shoulder, a normal LDF response to inspiration/expiration was observed. In 16 patients with frozen shoulder, LDF responses were either unilaterally or bilaterally absent. Comparison between the two patient groups showed a significant association (chi 2 = 6.43, P less than 0.02) between abnormality of response and the persistence of pain. TcPO2 was in the normal range in all patients and controls. These findings suggest that the LDF together with the TcPO2 may be a useful method of studying the skin microcirculation over the shoulder.

Is Behçet's disease triggered by childhood infection?

Abstract: In a comparison of 30 patients with Behcet's disease and 60 age and sex matched community controls an increased risk of Behcet's disease was associated with tonsillectomy, a history of cold sores, large sibship size, late birth order, travel to countries with high incidence of the disease, and first sexual intercourse before 16 years of age. These findings are consistent with a triggering of the disease by infection during childhood or adolescence in an immunogenetically predisposed host.

Bone mass, muscle function and fracture of the proximal femur.

Abstract: The epidemiology and pathogenesis of hip fractures are reviewed. There is evidence that physical inactivity and concomitant muscle weakness are important determinants of the risk of hip fracture.