Over the past decade, the most significant, conceptual advances in the field of fluorination were enabled most prominently by organo- and transition-metal catalysis. The most challenging transformation remains the formation of the parent C-F bond, primarily as a consequence of the high hydration energy of fluoride, strong metal-fluorine bonds, and highly polarized bonds to fluorine. Most fluorination reactions still lack generality, predictability, and cost-efficiency. Despite all current limitations, modern fluorination methods have made fluorinated molecules more readily available than ever before and have begun to have an impact on research areas that do not require large amounts of material, such as drug discovery and positron emission tomography. This Review gives a brief summary of conventional fluorination reactions, including those reactions that introduce fluorinated functional groups, and focuses on modern developments in the field.

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Introduction of Fluorine and Fluorine-Containing Functional Groups

Die wichtigsten konzeptionellen Fortschritt auf dem Gebiet der Fluorierungen der letzten zehn Jahre wurden durch die Organo- und Ubergangsmetallkatalyse ermoglicht. Die schwierigste Umwandlung ist weiterhin die Bildung der C-F-Stammbindung, was in erster Linie eine Folge der hohen Hydratationsenergie von Fluorid, starker Metall-Fluor-Bindungen und der hoch polarisierten Bindungen zu Fluor ist. Den meisten Fluorierungen fehlt es immer noch an Allgemeingultigkeit, Vorhersagbarkeit und Kosteneffizienz. Trotz der Einschrankungen sind fluorierte Verbindungen mit modernen Fluorierungsmethoden leichter zuganglich als je zuvor. Vor allem beginnen sich die modernen Methoden auf Forschungsgebiete auszuwirken, die keine grosen Materialmengen benotigen, z. B. die Wirkstoffentwicklung und die Positronenemissionstomographie. Diese Entwicklungen werden in diesem Aufsatz zusammengefasst und vor dem Hintergrund konventioneller Fluorierungsmethoden diskutiert.

Einführung von Fluor und fluorhaltigen funktionellen Gruppen

Synthesis of chiral and bioactive fluoroorganic compounds

Ionic liquids are credited with a number of unusual properties. These include a low vapor pressure, a wide liquid-phase range, weakly coordinating properties, and a high thermal/chemical stability. These properties are certainly of great interest for inorganic synthesis and the creation of novel inorganic compounds. On the other hand, the synthesis repertoire for preparing inorganic compounds has always been broad, ranging from syntheses in solutions and melts to solid-state reactions, and from crystal growth in the gas phase to high-pressure syntheses. What new aspects can ionic liquids then add to the synthesis of inorganic compounds? This Minireview uses some early examples to show that the use of ionic liquids indeed provides access to unusual inorganic compounds.

Ionic liquids: new perspectives for inorganic synthesis?

F-18 Polyethyleneglycol stilbenes as PET imaging agents targeting Aβ aggregates in the brain

Etude de la reactivite du fluorure de tetrabutylammonium avec une serie de composes organiques substitues par un halogene ou un groupe tosyl (contenant un carbone: allylique, benzylique, primaire, secondaire et tertiaire sp 3 ou sp 2 active)

D. P. Cox

Papers

"Anhydrous" tetrabutylammonium fluoride: a mild but highly efficient source of nucleophilic fluoride ion