This book was first published in 1982. Unemployment is perhaps one of the most serious social problems. In economic terms the cost of unemployment, both to the individual and to the collective, is extremely high. But unemployment has other effects too. In this book Marie Jahoda looks beyond the obvious economic consequences, to explore the psychological meaning of employment and unemployment. The book is an accessible and nontechnical account of the contribution which social psychology can make to understanding unemployment and clearly reveals the limitations of an exclusive concentration on its economic aspects. Professor Jahoda shows that the psychological impact is hugely destructive, throwing doubt on the popular diagnosis that the work ethic is disappearing. She also analyses the experience of unemployment in the context of the experience of employment and argues that one of the socially destructive consequences of large-scale unemployment is that it detracts from the need to humanise employment.

Employment and Unemployment

The Accumulation of Human and Nonhuman Capital, 1948-84

It is a justifiable fact that there is a substantial amount of funds from local and foreign aid invested in Tanzania public sector projects, targeting to facilitate development and alleviate poverty in the community. However, the effectiveness of these funds remains uncertain as many among these projects are reported that does not meet the planned objectives. The main objective of this study was to assess the critical success factors influencing public sector projects’ success in public Sector projects in Shinyanga Municipality, Tanzania. A Cross-sectional research design was deployed in Shinyanga Municipality in Shinyanga region. Using a purposive sampling technique, a total of 132 project implementers were selected and interviewed using structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS for windows version 23.0. Descriptive binary analysis using frequencies and percentages were conducted. The findings revealed that there is significant strong positive relationship between critical success factors and project success. Results showed that critical success factors explain 99.5% of project success variations. The researcher recommended that policy makers should establish effective strategies that reflect critical success factors and adopt an efficacious follow up technique to assist public projects meet the intended objectives. Since the linkage between project management practices and project success is inevitable, critical management practices such as monitoring, evaluation and client satisfaction should be re-considered for nourishment and sustainability of public sector projects.
Key words: Critical Success Factors, Public Sector and Project Success.

An Assessment of Critical Success Factors Affecting Public Sector Projects: A Case of Shinyanga Municipality

In today's interconnected era, intrusion detection system (IDS) has the potential to be the frontier of defense against cyberattacks and plays an essential role in achieving security of networking resources and infrastructures. The performance of IDS depends highly on data features. Selecting the most informative features eliminating the redundant and irrelevant features from network traffic data for IDS is still an open research issue. The key impetus of this paper is to identify and benchmark the potential set of features that can characterize network traffic for intrusion detection. In this correspondence, an ensemble approach is proposed. As a first step, the approach applies four different feature evaluation measures, such as correlation, consistency, information, and distance, to select the more crucial features for intrusion detection. Second, it applies the subset combination strategy to merge the output of the four measures and achieve the potential feature set. Along with this, a new framework that adopts the data analytic lifecycle practices is explored to employ the proposed ensemble for building an effective IDS. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by conducting several experiments on four intrusion detection evaluation datasets, namely KDDCup'99, NSL-KDD, UNSW-NB15, and CICIDS2017. The obtained results prove that the proposed approach contributes more potential features compared to the state-of-the-art approaches, leading to achieve a promising performance gain in the detection rate of 3.2%, the false alarm rate of 38%, and the detection time of 12%. Furthermore, ROC and statistical significance are analyzed for the identified feature subset to strongly conform its acceptability as a future benchmark for building an effective IDS.

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Identifying and Benchmarking Key Features for Cyber Intrusion Detection: An Ensemble Approach

The aim of this study is to explore the critical success factors (CSFs) of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire was developed using 28 factors/indicators identified from the previous researches. From 500 respondents, a total of 347 questionnaires were returned. By conducting exploratory factors analysis, these indicators were categorized into six factors, namely: Individual factors, business characteristics, management factors, business support, capital availability and business environment. Using IBM SPSS and AMOS, the results indicated that business support was the most critical factor that significantly affects the success of SMEs in Saudi Arabia, followed by individual factors, capital availability, and management factors. They also indicated that business characteristics and business environment factors had no significant impacts on the success of these enterprises.

https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/239929/1/admsci-09-00032-v3.pdf

Critical success factors of small and medium-sized enterprises in Saudi Arabia: Insights from sustainability perspective

Business Success of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Russia and Social Responsibility of Managers

Key Success Factors and Barriers for Small Businesses: Comparative Analysis☆

The Role of the Transaction Costs in the Business Success of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Russia

The Impact of Internet-Technologies Development on Small Business Success in Russia

The paper analyzes the internal success factors of small and medium-sized business in Russia. Special attention is paid to the research of financial factors as the most significant in business performance. The authors find the effect of various financial indicators of corporate performance on business success using accounting statements. The analysis of small and medium-sized business is conducted by federal districts of the Russian Federation. Key significant internal financial factors are revealed as ensuring the success of small and medium-sized business. On the basis of the factors so revealed, recommendations are made for improvement of small and medium-sized business.

D. Pletnev

Papers

Business Success of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Russia and Social Responsibility of Managers

Key Success Factors and Barriers for Small Businesses: Comparative Analysis☆

The Role of the Transaction Costs in the Business Success of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Russia

The Impact of Internet-Technologies Development on Small Business Success in Russia

Internal Business Success Factors of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Russia