Author
D. Žontar
Bio: D. Žontar is an academic researcher from University of Ljubljana. The author has contributed to research in topics: Semiconductor detector & Radiation damage. The author has an hindex of 7, co-authored 11 publications receiving 995 citations.
Papers
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TL;DR: The physics of the SLAC and KEK B Factories are described in this paper, with a brief description of the detectors, BaBar and Belle, and data taking related issues.
Abstract: This work is on the Physics of the B Factories. Part A of this book contains a brief description of the SLAC and KEK B Factories as well as their detectors, BaBar and Belle, and data taking related issues. Part B discusses tools and methods used by the experiments in order to obtain results. The results themselves can be found in Part C.
413 citations
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University of Hamburg1, Brunel University London2, University of Liverpool3, Fermilab4, Max Planck Society5, University of Perugia6, University of Glasgow7, Lancaster University8, Spanish National Research Council9, University of Ljubljana10, Ghent University11, King's College London12, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology13, Brookhaven National Laboratory14, STMicroelectronics15, University of California, Berkeley16, CERN17, Imperial College London18, Czech Technical University in Prague19, Université de Montréal20, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine21, Tel Aviv University22, Kurchatov Institute23, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic24, SINTEF25, Royal Institute of Technology26, Micron Technology27, Charles University in Prague28, Technical University of Dortmund29
01 Jul 2001-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
TL;DR: In this paper, a defect engineering technique was employed resulting in the development of Oxygen enriched FZ silicon (DOFZ), ensuring the necessary O-enrichment of about 2×1017 O/cm3 in the normal detector processing.
Abstract: The RD48 (ROSE) collaboration has succeeded to develop radiation hard silicon detectors, capable to withstand the harsh hadron fluences in the tracking areas of LHC experiments. In order to reach this objective, a defect engineering technique was employed resulting in the development of Oxygen enriched FZ silicon (DOFZ), ensuring the necessary O-enrichment of about 2×1017 O/cm3 in the normal detector processing. Systematic investigations have been carried out on various standard and oxygenated silicon diodes with neutron, proton and pion irradiation up to a fluence of 5×1014 cm−2 (1 MeV neutron equivalent). Major focus is on the changes of the effective doping concentration (depletion voltage). Other aspects (reverse current, charge collection) are covered too and the appreciable benefits obtained with DOFZ silicon in radiation tolerance for charged hadrons are outlined. The results are reliably described by the “Hamburg model”: its application to LHC experimental conditions is shown, demonstrating the superiority of the defect engineered silicon. Microscopic aspects of damage effects are also discussed, including differences due to charged and neutral hadron irradiation.
402 citations
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21 Jul 2007-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
TL;DR: In this article, the AC-coupled, single-sided, p-in-n silicon microstrip sensors used in the Semiconductor Tracker (SCT) of the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are discussed, together with the qualification and quality assurance procedures adopted for their production.
Abstract: This paper describes the AC-coupled, single-sided, p-in-n silicon microstrip sensors used in the Semiconductor Tracker (SCT) of the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The sensor requirements, specifications and designs are discussed, together with the qualification and quality assurance procedures adopted for their production. The measured sensor performance is presented, both initially and after irradiation to the fluence anticipated after 10 years of LHC operation. The sensors are now successfully assembled within the detecting modules of the SCT, and the SCT tracker is completed and integrated within the ATLAS Inner Detector. Hamamatsu Photonics Ltd. supplied 92.2% of the 15,392 installed sensors, with the remainder supplied by CiS.
123 citations
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21 Apr 1999-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison of MESA and planar pad detectors showed a 20-30% lower FDV for the MESA compared to planar detectors, in the range from 2×10 8 to 5×10 15 ǫn/cm 2 s.
Abstract: 1×1 cm 2 silicon pad p + –n–n + detectors were irradiated with fast neutrons from the TRIGA research reactor in Ljubljana to fluences from 5×10 13 to 10 14 n/cm 2 . The observed time development of annealing of the full-depletion voltage (FDV) could be fitted by a constant and two exponentials. The characteristic time of the fast component is 4 h, independent of temperature in the interval 0–15°C. A comparison of MESA and planar pad detectors shows a 20–30% lower FDV for the MESA. A search for a flux dependence of the radiation damage was performed in the range from 2×10 8 to 5×10 15 n/cm 2 s and no systematic differences were observed.
63 citations
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21 Sep 2004-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
TL;DR: In this paper, a prototype of a single 500 μm thick, 256 pad silicon detector with pad size of 1.4×1.4 mm 2, combined with a 15×15×1 cm 3 NaI scintillator crystal coupled to a set of 20 photo multipliers was presented.
Abstract: Compton collimated imaging may improve the detection of gamma rays emitted by radioisotopes used in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). We present a crude prototype consisting of a single 500 μm thick, 256 pad silicon detector with pad size of 1.4×1.4 mm 2 , combined with a 15×15×1 cm 3 NaI scintillator crystal coupled to a set of 20 photo multipliers. Emphasis is placed on the performance of the silicon detector and the associated read-out electronics, which has so far proved to be the most challenging part of the set-up. Results were obtained using the VATAGP3, 128 channel low-noise self-triggering ASIC as the silicon detector's front-end. The noise distribution ( σ ) of the spectroscopic outputs gave an equivalent noise charge (ENC) with a mean value of 〈σ〉=137 e with a spread of 10 e , corresponding to an energy resolution of 1.15 keV FWHM for the scattered electron energy. Threshold settings above 8.2 keV were required for stable operation of the trigger. Coincident Compton scatter events in both modules were observed for photons emitted by 57 Co source with principal gamma ray energies of 122 and 136 keV .
30 citations
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TL;DR: The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN as mentioned in this paper was designed to study proton-proton (and lead-lead) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV (5.5 TeV nucleon-nucleon) and at luminosities up to 10(34)cm(-2)s(-1)
Abstract: The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector is described. The detector operates at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. It was conceived to study proton-proton (and lead-lead) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV (5.5 TeV nucleon-nucleon) and at luminosities up to 10(34)cm(-2)s(-1) (10(27)cm(-2)s(-1)). At the core of the CMS detector sits a high-magnetic-field and large-bore superconducting solenoid surrounding an all-silicon pixel and strip tracker, a lead-tungstate scintillating-crystals electromagnetic calorimeter, and a brass-scintillator sampling hadron calorimeter. The iron yoke of the flux-return is instrumented with four stations of muon detectors covering most of the 4 pi solid angle. Forward sampling calorimeters extend the pseudo-rapidity coverage to high values (vertical bar eta vertical bar <= 5) assuring very good hermeticity. The overall dimensions of the CMS detector are a length of 21.6 m, a diameter of 14.6 m and a total weight of 12500 t.
5,193 citations
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23 Feb 2020
TL;DR: The ATLAS detector as installed in its experimental cavern at point 1 at CERN is described in this paper, where a brief overview of the expected performance of the detector when the Large Hadron Collider begins operation is also presented.
Abstract: The ATLAS detector as installed in its experimental cavern at point 1 at CERN is described in this paper. A brief overview of the expected performance of the detector when the Large Hadron Collider begins operation is also presented.
3,111 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the ATLAS experiment is described as installed in i ts experimental cavern at point 1 at CERN and a brief overview of the expec ted performance of the detector is given.
Abstract: This paper describes the ATLAS experiment as installed in i ts experimental cavern at point 1 at CERN. It also presents a brief overview of the expec ted performance of the detector.
2,798 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report world averages of measurements of b-hadron, c-, c-, and tau-lepton properties obtained by the Heavy Flavor Averaging Group (HFAG) using results available through the end of 2011.
Abstract: This article reports world averages of measurements of b-hadron, c-hadron, and tau-lepton properties obtained by the Heavy Flavor Averaging Group (HFAG) using results available through the end of 2011. In some cases results available in the early part of 2012 are included. For the averaging, common input parameters used in the various analyses are adjusted (rescaled) to common values, and known correlations are taken into account. The averages include branching fractions, lifetimes, neutral meson mixing parameters, CP violation parameters, parameters of semileptonic decays and CKM matrix elements.
2,151 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the silicon pixel tracking system for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider is described and the performance requirements are summarized and detailed descriptions of the pixel detector electronics and the silicon sensors are given.
Abstract: The silicon pixel tracking system for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider is described and the performance requirements are summarized. Detailed descriptions of the pixel detector electronics and the silicon sensors are given. The design, fabrication, assembly and performance of the pixel detector modules are presented. Data obtained from test beams as well as studies using cosmic rays are also discussed.
709 citations