世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

Effect of roadway geometrics and environmental factors on rural freeway accident frequencies.

The link between fatigue and safety

Traffic accidents at urban intersections result in a huge cost to society in terms of death, injury, lost productivity, and property damage. Unfortunately, the elements that effect the frequency of intersection accidents are not well understood and, as a result, it is difficult to predict the effectiveness of specific intersection improvements that are aimed at reducing accident frequency. Using seven-yr accident histories from 63 intersections in Bellevue, Washington (all of which were targeted for operational improvements), this paper estimates a negative binomial regression of the frequency of accidents at intersection approaches. The estimation results uncover important interactions between geometric and traffic-related elements and accident frequencies. The findings of this paper provide exploratory methodological and empirical evidence that could lead to an approach to estimate the accident reduction benefits of various proposed improvements on operationally deficient intersections.

Negative binomial analysis of intersection accident frequencies

Kernel density estimation and K-means clustering to profile road accident hotspots.

This paper presents the approach and methodology of the Large Truck Crash Causation Study (LTCCS), undertaken jointly by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The LTCCS is a study of a nationally representative sample of serious and fatal heavy truck crashes occurring between 2001 and 2003. The data collected provide a detailed description of the physical events of the crash, along with an unprecedented amount of information about the vehicles, drivers, truck operators, and environment. The LTCCS was designed to include all elements in a traffic crash--vehicle, driver, and environment. In addition, extensive information is collected about the operator of each truck involved, including details about driver compensation, vehicle maintenance, and carrier operations. Rather than crash experts assigning causes to each crash, the LTCCS approach is based on statistical associations in the aggregate data. The crash assessment data provide information on what physically happened in the crash, including prior movements of each vehicle, the critical event in the crash, and the reason for the critical event. "Causes" can be determined through the analysis of this information, by identifying associations between vehicle, driver, and environmental characteristics, and particular crash types or modes of involvement. The approach of the LTCCS is consistent with the probabilistic nature of traffic crashes. Analysis of the data proceeds by searching for associations between the various descriptive variables and involvements in particular types of crashes. The broad range of actors included permits a wide range of hypotheses to be tested.

The large truck crash causation study

Accident rates for heavy truck-tractors in Michigan

This document is the first in a series of papers presenting the results of an evaluation of the Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS) Crash file undertaken by the Center for National Truck Statistics at the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. The MCMIS Crash file was developed by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) to allow for research on motor carrier safety problems, and to potentially provide a census of all trucks and buses involved in a traffic crash. The Crash file contains state-supplied data from police crash reports involving drivers and vehicles of all motor carriers operating in the U.S. It now includes a standard set of data elements that the states are required to supply on all trucks and buses involved in traffic crashes that meet a specific severity threshold. The purpose of this evaluation is to understand the strengths and weaknesses of the MCMIS Crash file, to identify problems with the data, and to propose solutions. This first phase examines the overall level of reporting of MCMIS data by the states, and evaluates the extent of missing data. Results from the 1994-2000 period show that about 42 of the 50 states and the District of Columbia are making efforts at full reporting of the required cases. However, for trucks the overall reporting level of fatal and nonfatal involvements is quite low at 63% of those expected, and for buses the rate is only 44% of expected. There has been continuous improvement in reporting trucks involved in fatal crashes, but less improvement for fatal bus involvements. There is a relative overreporting of injury crash involvements, but underreporting of towaway crashes. Missing data rates are reasonable for variables that provide simple descriptive information about the accident scene, but unacceptably high for details about the vehicle and driver.

Evaluation of the motor carrier management information system crash file, phase one

This is the second in a series of papers presenting the results of an evaluation of the Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS) Crash file undertaken by the Center for National Truck and Bus Statistics at the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. The earlier study showed that reporting to the MCMIS Crash file was significantly incomplete. This document examines the sources of underreporting in more detail, at the state level. Ohio was selected for the evaluation. MCMIS Crash file records were matched to the Ohio Police Accident Report (PAR) file to determine the nature and extent of underreporting. It appears that officers are having difficulty applying the vehicle and crash severity criteria that define a MCMIS-eligible case, resulting in overreported and underreported cases. Trucks and buses operated by intrastate carriers are more likely to be overlooked, as are smaller rather than larger trucks. Local police departments, primarily in the largest cities, accounted for the majority of underreported cases.

/pdf/patterns-of-mcmis-crash-file-underreporting-in-ohio-2ywsxhexye.pdf

Patterns of mcmis crash file underreporting in ohio

This is the third in a series of papers presenting the results of an evaluation of the Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS) Crash File undertaken by the Center for National Truck and Bus Statistics at the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. The earlier studies showed that reporting to the MCMIS Crash File was significantly incomplete. This report examines the sources of underreporting for the state of Missouri. MCMIS Crash File records were matched to the Missouri Police Accident Report (PAR) file to determine the nature and extent of underreporting. As in other states, it appears that officers are having difficulty applying the vehicle and crash severity criteria that define a MCMIS-eligible case, resulting in underreported cases. In addition, approximately 20% of the Missouri cases were duplicate records. Cases involving a fatality are more likely to be reported than injury or towaway cases. Similarly, crashes involving larger trucks or out-of-state trucks or buses were more likely to be reported than smaller trucks and in-state vehicles. Cases covered by local police departments, primarily in the largest cities, accounted for the majority of underreported cases.

https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/49476/99794.pdf;sequence=1

Daniel Blower

Papers

The large truck crash causation study

Accident rates for heavy truck-tractors in Michigan

Evaluation of the motor carrier management information system crash file, phase one

Patterns of mcmis crash file underreporting in ohio

Evaluation of Missouri crash data reported to MCMIS crash file