Daniel L. Chan

Bio: Daniel L. Chan is an academic researcher from Royal Veterinary College. The author has contributed to research in topics: Parenteral nutrition & Population. The author has an hindex of 29, co-authored 89 publications receiving 1894 citations. Previous affiliations of Daniel L. Chan include Warwickshire Hospital & Tufts University.

The Immunopathology of Sepsis: Pathogen Recognition, Systemic Inflammation, the Compensatory Anti‐Inflammatory Response, and Regulatory T Cells

Abstract: Sepsis, the systemic inflammatory response to infection, represents the major cause of death in critically ill veterinary patients. Whereas important advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of this syndrome have been made, much remains to be elucidated. There is general agreement on the key interaction between pathogen-associated molecular patterns and cells of the innate immune system, and the amplification of the host response generated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. More recently, the concept of immunoparalysis in sepsis has also been advanced, together with an increasing recognition of the interplay between regulatory T cells and the innate immune response. However, the heterogeneous nature of this syndrome and the difficulty of modeling it in vitro or in vivo has both frustrated the advancement of new therapies and emphasized the continuing importance of patient-based clinical research in this area of human and veterinary medicine.

Hypercoagulability in Dogs with Protein-Losing Enteropathy

Abstract: Background: Dogs with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) have previously been reported to present with thromboembolism; however, the prevalence and pathogenesis of hypercoagulability in dogs with PLE have not been investigated so far. Hypothesis: Dogs with PLE are hypercoagulable compared with healthy control dogs. Animals: Fifteen dogs with PLE. Thirty healthy dogs served as controls (HC). Methods: A prospective study was performed including 15 dogs with PLE. All dogs were scored using the canine chronic enteropathy activity index (CCECAI). Thromboelastography (TEG) and other measures of coagulation were evaluated. Recalcified, unactivated TEG was performed and reaction time (R), kinetic time (K), alpha angle (α), and maximum amplitude (MA) values were recorded. Nine dogs were reassessed after initiation of immunosuppressive treatment. Results: All dogs with PLE in the study were hypercoagulable with decreased R (PLE: median 7.8, range [2.4–11.2]; HC: 14.1 [9.1–20.3]), decreased K (PLE: 2.5 [0.8–5.2]; HC: 8.25 [4.3–13.1]), increased α (PLE: 56.7 [38.5–78.3]; HC: 25.6 [17–42.4]), and increased MA (PLE: 68.2 [54.1–76.7]; HC: 44.1, [33.5–49]) (all P < .001). Median antithrombin (AT) concentration was borderline low in PLE dogs; however, mean serum albumin concentration was severely decreased (mean 1.67 g/dL ± 5.1, reference range 2.8–3.5 g/dL). Despite a significant improvement in serum albumin and CCECAI, all 9 dogs with PLE were hypercoagulable at re-examination. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The hypercoagulable state in dogs with PLE cannot be solely attributed to loss of AT. Despite good clinical response to treatment, dogs remained hypercoagulable and could therefore be predisposed to thromboembolic complications.

Overuse injuries of the olecranon in young gymnasts

Abstract: We report overuse injuries in 14 elbows of ten elite young gymnasts. In 12 elbows of eight patients aged 11 to 15 years there was a spectrum of radiological abnormalities including widening of the olecranon physis and fragmentation of the epiphysis. The radiographs were compared with those of normal elbows matched for age and sex. The radiograph appearances were very similar to those of the Osgood-Schlatter lesion of the tibial tuberosity. Two older boys, aged 18 and 19, had stress fractures through the olecranon growth plate. Conservative management was successful in all except one case of stress fracture which required internal fixation.

Long-term outcome in dogs with chronic enteropathies: 203 cases.

Abstract: AMONG the causes for chronic enteropathies (CE) in dogs, food-responsive diarrhoea (FRD), antibiotic-responsive diarrhoea (ARD) and steroid-responsive disease (SRD) are common (Allenspach and others 2007, Simpson and Jergens 2011). These disorders are diagnosed retrospectively by their response to treatment. Prevalence data regarding how many dogs can be categorised into each group are scarce as are clinical data describing the characteristics of a typical patient in each of these groups (Craven and others 2004, Muenster and others 2006, Allenspach and others 2007). Furthermore, only a few studies to date have investigated more long-term outcome in the different treatment categories (Allenspach and others 2006, 2007). The goal of this retrospective study was, therefore, to compare severity of clinical signs, age at diagnosis, serum albumin concentrations, serum cobalamin and folate concentrations as well as outcome at various time points after diagnosis between a group of dogs treated with dietary management alone (FRD), diet and antimicrobials (ARD) or diet and immunosuppressive agents (SRD) in a larger cohort of dogs. The electronic medical records at the Royal Veterinary College, London, were searched for dogs diagnosed with CE between 2005 and 2012. The diagnosis was confirmed based on exclusion of any other causes for chronic diarrhoea, and endoscopy …

Association of expiratory airway dysfunction with marked obesity in healthy adult dogs.

Abstract: Objective—To evaluate the effects of obesity on pulmonary function in healthy adult dogs. Animals—36 Retrievers without cardiopulmonary disease. Procedures—Dogs were assigned to 1 of 3 groups on the basis of body condition score (1 through 9): nonobese (score, 4.5 to 5.5), moderately obese (score, 6.0 to 6.5), and markedly obese (score, 7.0 to 9.0). Pulmonary function tests performed in conscious dogs included spirometry and measurement of inspiratory and expiratory airway resistance (Raw) and specific Raw (sRaw) during normal breathing and during hyperpnea via head-out whole-body plethysmography. Functional residual capacity (FRC; measured by use of helium dilution), diffusion capacity of lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and arterial blood gas variables (PaO2, PaCO2, and alveolar-arterial gradient) were assessed. Results—During normal breathing, body condition score did not influence airway function, DLCO, or arterial blood gas variables. During hyperpnea, expiratory sRaw was significantly greater in ma...

Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook

Abstract: Now in a fully updated seventh edition, Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook remains the most complete source of drug information relevant for animals available. Providing referenced dosing recommendations in each monograph, this book offers doses for a wide range of species, including dogs, cats, exotic animals, and farm animals, in a single resource. The book also includes detail on key aspects for appropriate use of each drug, including pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, contraindications, adverse effects, safety during pregnancy or nursing, overdoses, drug interactions, monitoring, chemistry and stability, storage, compatibility, and available products. The seventh edition adds 22 new drug monographs, as well as updated dosages and information for existing drugs. A noteworthy feature is the Prescriber Highlights section found at the beginning of each monograph that allows readers a quick method of finding important information for that drug. This is the 8 1/2 x 11-inch desk size, offering enhanced readability and ease of use; Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook is also available in the convenient 5 by 8-inch pocket size and as a mobile version. Plumb's exhaustive one-volume coverage of drugs approved for veterinary species and non-approved (human) drugs that are used in veterinary practices today make this book an essential reference for veterinarians, veterinary technicians, veterinary pharmacologists, pharmacists with veterinary patients, animal research or zoological facilities, and libraries that serve these groups.

Overuse Injuries, Overtraining, and Burnout in Child and Adolescent Athletes

Abstract: Overuse is one of the most common etiologic factors that lead to injuries in the pediatric and adolescent athlete. As more children are becoming involved in organized and recreational athletics, the incidence of overuse injuries is increasing. Many children are participating in sports year-round and sometimes on multiple teams simultaneously. This overtraining can lead to burnout, which may have a detrimental effect on the child participating in sports as a lifelong healthy activity. One contributing factor to overtraining may be parental pressure to compete and succeed. The purpose of this clinical report is to assist pediatricians in identifying and counseling at-risk children and their families. This report supports the American Academy of Pediatrics policy statement on intensive training and sport specialization.