Daniel Le Grange

Bio: Daniel Le Grange is an academic researcher from University of California, San Francisco. The author has contributed to research in topics: Eating disorders & Bulimia nervosa. The author has an hindex of 63, co-authored 365 publications receiving 14843 citations. Previous affiliations of Daniel Le Grange include Stony Brook University & Harvard University.

Prevalence and Correlates of Eating Disorders in Adolescents: Results From the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement

Abstract: Context Eating disorders are severe conditions, but little is known about the prevalence or correlates of these disorders from population-based surveys of adolescents. Objectives To examine the prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in a large, reprefentative sample of US adolescents. Design Cross-sectional survey of adolescents with face-to-face interviews using a modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Setting Combined household and school adolescent samples. Participants Nationally representative sample of 10 123 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years. Main Outcome Measures Prevalence and correlates of eating disorders and subthreshold conditions. Results Lifetime prevalence estimates of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder were 0.3%, 0.9%, and 1.6%, respectively. Important differences were observed between eating disorder subtypes concerning sociodemographic correlates, psychiatric comorbidity, role impairment, and suicidality. Although the majority of adolescents with an eating disorder sought some form of treatment, only a minority received treatment specifically for their eating or weight problems. Analyses of 2 related subthreshold conditions suggest that these conditions are often clinically significant. Conclusions Eating disorders and subthreshold eating conditions are prevalent in the general adolescent population. Their impact is demonstrated by generally strong associations with other psychiatric disorders, role impairment, and suicidality. The unmet treatment needs in the adolescent population place these disorders as important public health concerns.

Randomized clinical trial comparing family-based treatment with adolescent-focused individual therapy for adolescents with anorexia nervosa.

Abstract: means. Secondary outcome measures included partial remission rates (85% of expected weight for height plus those who were in full remission) and changes in body mass index percentile and eating-related psychopathology. Results: There were no differences in full remission between treatments at EOT. However, at both the 6- and 12month follow-up, FBT was significantly superior to AFT on this measure. Family-based treatment was significantly superior for partial remission at EOT but not at follow-up. In addition, body mass index percentile at EOT was significantly superior for FBT, but this effect was not found at follow-up. Participants in FBT also had greater changes in Eating Disorder Examination score at EOT than those in AFT, but there were no differences at follow-up. Conclusion: Although both treatments led to considerable improvement and were similarly effective in producing full remission at EOT, FBT was more effective in facilitating full remission at both follow-up points. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00149786.

Treatment Manual for Anorexia Nervosa: A Family-Based Approach

Abstract: Introduction and Background Information on Family. Therapy for Anorexia Nervosa. Family Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa. Initial Evaluation and Setting Up Treatment. Session 1: The First Face-to-Face Meeting. Session 1 in Action. Session 2: The Family Meal. Session 2 in Action. The Remainder of Phase I (Session 3-10). Session 8 in Action. Beginning Phase II: Helping the Adolescent Eat on on Her Own (Sessions 11-16). Phase II in Action. Starting Starting Phase III: Adolescent Issues (Sessions 17-20). Phase III in Action. Summary of a Completed Case.

Family therapy for adolescent anorexia nervosa: the results of a controlled comparison of two family interventions.

Abstract: This paper reports the results of a randomised treatment trial of two forms of outpatient family intervention for anorexia nervosa. Forty adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa were randomly assigned to “conjoint family therapy” (CFT) or to “separated family therapy” (SFT) using a stratified design controlling for levels of critical comments using the Expressed Emotion index. The design required therapists to undertake both forms of treatment and the distinctiveness of the two therapies was ensured by separate supervisors conducting live supervision of the treatments. Measures were undertaken on admission to the study, at 3 months, at 6 months and at the end of treatment. Considerable improvement in nutritional and psychological state occurred across both treatment groups. On global measure of outcome, the two forms of therapy were associated with equivalent end of treatment results. However, for those patients with high levels of maternal criticism towards the patient, the SFT was shown to be superior to the CFT. When individual status measures were explored, there were further differences between the treatments. Symptomatic change was more marked in the SFT whereas there was considerably more psychological change in the CFT group. There were significant changes in family measures of Expressed Emotion. Critical comments between parents and patient were significantly reduced and that between parents was also diminished. Warmth between parents increased.

Family and Individual Therapy in Anorexia Nervosa: A 5-Year Follow-up

Abstract: Background: There is evidence that specific psychological treatments are effective in patients with eating disorders. Our goal was to determine by means of a controlled trial whether psychological treatments, previously found to be effective in anorexia nervosa, gave rise to enduring benefits. Methods: A 5-year follow-up was conducted on Patients who had participated in a previous trial of family therapy for anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Family therapy or individual supportive therapy had been administered to 80 outpatients for 1 year beginning on discharge from hospital after weight restoration. The 80 patients had been subdivided into 4 prognostically homogeneous groups of which 2 turned out to be the most important: patients with early onset and short history of anorexia nervosa, and patients with late-onset anorexia nervosa. At the 5-year follow-up, the efficacy of the outpatient therapies was again assessed by the maintenance of weight, and the categories of general outcome and dimensions of clinical functioning defined by the Morgan-Russell scales. Results: Significant improvements were found in the group of 80 patients as a whole, mainly attributable to the natural outcome of anorexia nervosa, and most evident in the early onset and short history group, as expected. Within 2 of the prognostic groups, significant benefits attributable to the previous psychological treatments were still evident, favoring family therapy for patients with early onset and short history of anorexia nervosa and favoring individual supportive therapy for patients with late-onset anorexia nervosa. Conclusions: Much of the improvements found at a 5year follow-up can be attributed to the natural outcome of the illness. Nevertheless, it was still possible to detect long-term benefits of psychological therapies completed 5 years previously.

The stigma of obesity: a review and update.

Abstract: Obese individuals are highly stigmatized and face multiple forms of prejudice and discrimination because of their weight (1,2). The prevalence of weight discrimination in the United States has increased by 66% over the past decade (3), and is comparable to rates of racial discrimination, especially among women (4). Weight bias translates into inequities in employment settings, health-care facilities, and educational institutions, often due to widespread negative stereotypes that overweight and obese persons are lazy, unmotivated, lacking in selfdiscipline, less competent, noncompliant, and sloppy (2,5–7). These stereotypes are prevalent and are rarely challenged in Western society, leaving overweight and obese persons vulnerable to social injustice, unfair treatment, and impaired quality of life as a result of substantial disadvantages and stigma. In 2001, Puhl and Brownell published the first comprehensive review of several decades of research documenting bias and stigma toward overweight and obese persons (2). This review summarized weight stigma in domains of employment, health care, and education, demonstrating the vulnerability of obese persons to many forms of unfair treatment. Despite evidence of weight bias in important areas of living, the authors noted many gaps in research regarding the nature and extent of weight stigma in various settings, the lack of science on emotional and physical health consequences of weight bias, and the paucity of interventions to reduce negative stigma. In recent years, attention to weight bias has increased, with a growing recognition of the pervasiveness of weight bias and stigma, and its potential harmful consequences for obese persons. The aim of this article is to provide an update of scientific evidence on weight bias toward overweight and obese adults through a systematic review of published literature since the 2001 article by Puhl and Brownell. This review expands upon previous findings of weight bias in major domains of living, documents new areas where weight bias has been studied, and highlights ongoing research questions that need to be addressed to advance this field of study. A systematic literature search of studies published between January 2000 and May 2008 was undertaken on computerized psychological, medical, social science, sport, and education databases including PsycINFO, PubMed, SCOPUS, ERIC, and SPORTDiscus. The following keyword combinations were used: weight, obese, obesity, overweight, BMI, fat, fatness, size, heavy, large, appearance, big, heavyweight, bias, biased, discrimination, discriminatory, discriminate, stigma, stigmatized, stigmatization, prejudice, prejudicial, stereotype(s), stereotypical, stereotyping, victimization, victimize(d), blame(d), blaming, shame(d), shaming, teasing, tease(d), unfair, bully, bullying, harassment, assumptions, attributions, education, health, health care, sales, employment, wages, promotion, adoption, jury, customer service, housing, media, television. Reference lists of retrieved articles and books were also reviewed, and manual searches were conducted in the databases and journals for authors who had published in this field. Most studies retrieved for this review were published in the United States. Any articles published internationally are noted with their country of origin. Research on weight stigma in adolescents and children was excluded from this review, as this literature was recently reviewed elsewhere (8). Unpublished manuscripts and dissertations were also excluded. In addition, issues pertaining to measurement of weight stigmatization, and demographic variables affecting vulnerability to weight bias such as gender, age, race, and body weight are not addressed in this review. This article instead primarily reviews the evidence of specific areas where weight bias occurs toward adults and its consequences for those affected. This article is organized similarly to the first review published by Puhl and Brownell (2), with sections on weight bias in settings of employment, health care, and education. New sections have been added including weight bias in interpersonal relationships and the media, as well as psychological and physical health consequences of weight bias, and the status of stigma-reduction research. As with the 2001 article, this review also provides an update on legal initiatives to combat weight discrimination, and outlines specific questions for future research.

Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis Modeling Change And Event Occurrence

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COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: Systematic review of the current evidence.

Abstract: Background During the COVID-19 pandemic general medical complications have received the most attention, whereas only few studies address the potential direct effect on mental health of SARS-CoV-2 and the neurotropic potential. Furthermore, the indirect effects of the pandemic on general mental health are of increasing concern, particularly since the SARS-CoV-1 epidemic (2002–2003) was associated with psychiatric complications.

Reliability and validity

Abstract: Definition: To what extent does the study allow us to draw conclusions about a causal effect between two or more constructs? Issues: Selection, maturation, history, mortality, testing, regression towrd the mean, selection by maturation, treatment by mortality, treatment by testing, measured treatment variables Increase: Eliminate the threats, above all do experimental manipulations, random assignment, and counterbalancing.