Author
Daniel R. Miramontez
Other affiliations: University of California, Riverside
Bio: Daniel R. Miramontez is an academic researcher from San Diego Community College District. The author has contributed to research in topics: Stereotype & Socioemotional selectivity theory. The author has an hindex of 4, co-authored 4 publications receiving 493 citations. Previous affiliations of Daniel R. Miramontez include University of California, Riverside.
Papers
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National Institutes of Health1, Ghent University2, Tarbiat Modares University3, Pusan National University4, Ewha Womans University5, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile6, University of Tartu7, University of St. Thomas (Minnesota)8, Sapienza University of Rome9, University of California, Riverside10, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic11, University of Zagreb12, Rutgers University13, University of Coimbra14, Slovak Academy of Sciences15, Queen's University Belfast16, University of Otago17, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin18, University of Buenos Aires19, Susquehanna University20, National University of Malaysia21, Iwate Prefectural University22, Makerere University23, Andhra University24, University of Lausanne25, Queensland University of Technology26, Bunkyo Gakuin University27, Jagiellonian University28, University of Sussex29, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology30
TL;DR: The authors found that cross-cultural variations in aging perceptions were associated with culture-level indicators of population aging, education levels, values, and national character stereotypes, and these associations were stronger for societal views on aging and perceptions of socioemotional changes than for perceptions of physical and cognitive changes.
Abstract: College students (N=3,435) in 26 cultures reported their perceptions of age-related changes in physical, cognitive, and socioemotional areas of functioning and rated societal views of aging within their culture. There was widespread cross-cultural consensus regarding the expected direction of aging trajectories with (a) perceived declines in societal views of aging, physical attractiveness, the ability to perform everyday tasks, and new learning; (b) perceived increases in wisdom, knowledge, and received respect; and (c) perceived stability in family authority and life satisfaction. Cross-cultural variations in aging perceptions were associated with culture-level indicators of population aging, education levels, values, and national character stereotypes. These associations were stronger for societal views on aging and perceptions of socioemotional changes than for perceptions of physical and cognitive changes. A consideration of culture-level variables also suggested that previously reported differences in aging perceptions between Asian and Western countries may be related to differences in population structure.
363 citations
TL;DR: Benet-Martinez et al. as discussed by the authors examined the link between bicultural identity integration (BII; degree of compatibility vs. opposition perceived between ethnic and mainstream cultural orientations) and the psychological overlap/distance between the personality traits ascribed to the self, a typical Latino, and a typical Anglo American.
Abstract: In two samples of Latino biculturals, we examined the link between bicultural identity integration (BII; degree of compatibility vs. opposition perceived between ethnic and mainstream cultural orientations; Benet-Martinez & Haritatos, 2005) and the psychological overlap/distance between the personality traits ascribed to the self, a typical Latino, and a typical Anglo American. As predicted, BII's component of blendedness (vs. distance) was consistently and positively associated with higher overlap between personality ratings of the self and a typical Latino, the self and a typical Anglo American, and a typical Latino and a typical Anglo American. Also as predicted, results with BII's component of harmony (vs. conflict) were not robust. Overall, our results suggest that biculturals with integrated cultural identities have social perceptions of themselves and their cultural in-groups that are closely aligned together, supporting social identity theory.
71 citations
National Institutes of Health1, Ghent University2, Cornell University3, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic4, University of Tartu5, Estonian Academy of Sciences6, Iwate Prefectural University7, Bunkyo Gakuin University8, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology9, Slovak Academy of Sciences10, Cayetano Heredia University11, University of Buenos Aires12, Pusan National University13, Ewha Womans University14, Jagiellonian University15, Hampshire College16, The College of New Jersey17, National University of Malaysia18, University of Paris19, Makerere University20, San Diego Community College District21, Pompeu Fabra University22, University of Lausanne23, University of Zagreb24, University of Otago25, Susquehanna University26, Queen's University Belfast27, University of Sussex28, Sapienza University of Rome29, Peking University30, Queensland University of Technology31, University of Coimbra32, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin33, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile34, University of St. Thomas (Minnesota)35, Florida State University36
TL;DR: This article provided arguments for the validity of assessed national mean trait levels as criteria for evaluating stereotype accuracy and reported new data on national character in 26 cultures from descriptions (N = 3323) of the typical male or female adolescent, adult, or old person in each.
58 citations
National Institutes of Health1, Ghent University2, Cornell University3, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic4, University of Tartu5, Estonian Academy of Sciences6, Iwate Prefectural University7, Bunkyo Gakuin University8, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology9, Slovak Academy of Sciences10, Cayetano Heredia University11, University of Buenos Aires12, Pusan National University13, Ewha Womans University14, Jagiellonian University15, Hampshire College16, The College of New Jersey17, National University of Malaysia18, University of Paris19, Makerere University20, San Diego Community College District21, Pompeu Fabra University22, University of Lausanne23, University of Zagreb24, University of Otago25, Susquehanna University26, Queen's University Belfast27, University of Sussex28, Sapienza University of Rome29, Peking University30, Queensland University of Technology31, University of Coimbra32, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin33, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile34, University of St. Thomas (Minnesota)35, Florida State University36
TL;DR: This article provided arguments for the validity of assessed national mean trait levels as criteria for evaluating stereotype accuracy and reported new data on national character in 26 cultures from descriptions (N= 3323) of the typical male or female adolescent, adult, or old person in each.
Abstract: Consensual stereotypes of some groups are relatively accurate, whereas others are not. Previous work
suggesting that national character stereotypes are inaccurate has been criticized on several grounds. In
this article we (a) provide arguments for the validity of assessed national mean trait levels as criteria
for evaluating stereotype accuracy and (b) report new data on national character in 26 cultures from descriptions (N= 3323) of the typical male or female adolescent, adult, or old person in each. The average ratings were internally consistent and converged with independent stereotypes of the typical culture member, but were weakly related to objective assessments of personality. We argue that this conclusion is consistent with the broader literature on the inaccuracy of national character stereotypes
55 citations
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TL;DR: Rising Tide: Gender Equality and Cultural Change Around the World as discussed by the authors is a recent book about gender equality and cultural change around the world, focusing on women's empowerment and empowerment.
Abstract: Rising Tide: Gender Equality and Cultural Change Around the World.
1,130 citations
493 citations
TL;DR: Unexpectedly, these analyses found that cultural individualism significantly predicted relative positivity-suggesting that, for generating elder respect within rapidly aging societies, collectivist traditions may backfire.
Abstract: Prevailing beliefs suggest that Eastern cultures hold older adults in higher esteem than Western cultures do, due to stronger collectivist traditions of filial piety However, in modern, industrialized societies, the strain presented by dramatic rises in population aging potentially threatens traditional cultural expectations Addressing these competing hypotheses, a literature search located 37 eligible papers, comprising samples from 23 countries and 21,093 total participants, directly comparing Easterners and Westerners (as classified per UN conventions) in their attitudes toward aging and the aged Contradicting conventional wisdom, a random-effects meta-analysis on these articles found such evaluations to be more negative in the East overall (standardized mean difference = -031) High heterogeneity in study comparisons suggested the presence of moderators; indeed, geographical region emerged as a significant moderating factor, with the strongest levels of senior derogation emerging in East Asia (compared with South and Southeast Asia) and non-Anglophone Europe (compared with North American and Anglophone Western regions) At the country level, multiple-moderator meta-regression analysis confirmed recent rises in population aging to significantly predict negative elder attitudes, controlling for industrialization per se over the same time period Unexpectedly, these analyses also found that cultural individualism significantly predicted relative positivity-suggesting that, for generating elder respect within rapidly aging societies, collectivist traditions may backfire The findings suggest the importance of demographic challenges in shaping modern attitudes toward elders-presenting considerations for future research in ageism, cross-cultural psychology, and even economic development, as societies across the globe accommodate unprecedented numbers of older citizens
310 citations
TL;DR: The concept of Awareness of Aging (AoA) is proposed as a superordinate construct that can serve an integrative function in developmental research on subjective aging by acknowledging that judgments of subjective aging tend to be made on an awareness continuum ranging from pre-conscious/implicit to conscious/explicit.
227 citations
Book•
06 Apr 2012TL;DR: Jussim as mentioned in this paper reviewed the evidence in social psychology and related fields and reached three conclusions: (1) Although errors, biases, and self-fulfilling prophecies in person perception are real, reliable, and occasionally quite powerful, on average, they tend to be weak, fragile, and fleeting.
Abstract: Social Perception and Social Reality (Jussim 2012) reviews the evidence in social psychology and related fields and reaches three conclusions: (1) Although errors, biases, and self-fulfilling prophecies in person perception are real, reliable, and occasionally quite powerful, on average, they tend to be weak, fragile, and fleeting. (2) Perceptions of individuals and groups tend to be at least moderately, and often highly accurate. (3) Conclusions based on the research on error, bias, and self-fulfilling prophecies routinely greatly overstate their power and pervasiveness, and consistently ignore evidence of accuracy, agreement, and rationality in social perception. The weight of the evidence - including some of the most classic research widely interpreted as testifying to the power of biased and self-fulfilling processes - is that interpersonal expectations relate to social reality primarily because they reflect rather than cause social reality. This is the case not only for teacher expectations, but also for social stereotypes, both as perceptions of groups, and as the bases of expectations regarding individuals. The time is long overdue to replace cherry-picked and unjustified stories emphasizing error, bias, the power of self-fulfilling prophecies, and the inaccuracy of stereotypes, with conclusions that more closely correspond to the full range of empirical findings, which includes multiple failed replications of classic expectancy studies, meta-analyses consistently demonstrating small or at best moderate expectancy effects, and high accuracy in social perception.
226 citations