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Daniel S. Ruchkin

Bio: Daniel S. Ruchkin is an academic researcher from University of Maryland, Baltimore. The author has contributed to research in topics: Working memory & Visual memory. The author has an hindex of 30, co-authored 53 publications receiving 5872 citations. Previous affiliations of Daniel S. Ruchkin include National Institutes of Health & University of Maryland, College Park.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: New guidelines for recording ERPs are presented and criteria for publishing the results are presented, which allow different studies to be compared readily.
Abstract: Event-related potentials ~ERPs! recorded from the human scalp can provide important information about how the human brain normally processes information and about how this processing may go awry in neurological or psychiatric disorders. Scientists using or studying ERPs must strive to overcome the many technical problems that can occur in the recording and analysis of these potentials. The methods and the results of these ERP studies must be published in a way that allows other scientists to understand exactly what was done so that they can, if necessary, replicate the experiments. The data must then be analyzed and presented in a way that allows different studies to be compared readily. This paper presents guidelines for recording ERPs and criteria for publishing the results.

2,033 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: High temporal resolution event-related brain potential and electroencephalographic coherence studies of the neural substrate of short-term storage in working memory indicate that the sustained coactivation of both prefrontal cortex and the posterior cortical systems that participate in the initial perception and comprehension of the retained information are involved in its storage.
Abstract: High temporal resolution event-related brain potential and electroencephalographic coherence studies of the neural substrate of short-term storage in working memory indicate that the sustained coactivation of both prefrontal cortex and the posterior cortical systems that participate in the initial perception and comprehension of the retained information are involved in its storage. These studies further show that short-term storage mechanisms involve an increase in neural synchrony between prefrontal cortex and posterior cortex and the enhanced activation of long-term memory representations of material held in short-term memory. This activation begins during the encoding/comprehension phase and evidently is prolonged into the retention phase by attentional drive from prefrontal cortex control systems. A parsimonious interpretation of these findings is that the long-term memory systems associated with the posterior cortical processors provide the necessary representational basis for working memory, with the property of short-term memory decay being primarily due to the posterior system. In this view, there is no reason to posit specialized neural systems whose functions are limited to those of short-term storage buffers. Prefrontal cortex provides the attentional pointer system for maintaining activation in the appropriate posterior processing systems. Short-term memory capacity and phenomena such as displacement of information in short-term memory are determined by limitations on the number of pointers that can be sustained by the prefrontal control systems.

357 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Slow Waves can be observed in the long-duration brain event-related potential (ERP) epoch following P3b, suggesting that they reflect components whose amplitudes relate directly to task further processing invoked by increased task dedemands beyond the processing that underlies P3B.
Abstract: This study is concerned with slowly varying, long-duration brain event-related potential (ERP) components, referred to as Slow Wave activity. Slow Wave activity can be observed in the epoch following P3b, suggesting that it reflects further processing invoked by increased task demands, beyond the processing that underlies P3b. The present experiment was designed to distinguish Slow Wave activity related to specific types of task demands which arise during difficult perceptual (pattern recognition) and conceptual (arithmetic) mental operations. Three late ERP components that respond differentially in amplitude to manipulation of perceptual and conceptual difficulty were identified: 1) A P3b, with a topography focused about Pz, evidently related to the subjective categorization of easy and difficult conceptual operations, that increased when the subjective low-prohability operation was performed; 2) A longer latency, centroparietal positive Slow Wave that increased directly with perceptual difficulty but was not affected by conceptual difficulty; 3) A very long latency negative Slow Wave, broadly distributed over centroposterior scalp, that increased directly with conceptual difficulty while its onset was delayed when perceptual difficulty increased. DESCRIPTORS: Event-related potentials. Slow Wave, P3b, Mental arithmetic. Pattern recognition. Information processing. Several reports have described slowly varying, view). These "Slow Waves" can be observed in the long-duration brain event-related potential (ERP) epoch following P3b, suggesting that they reflect components whose amplitudes relate directly to task further processing invoked by increased task dedemands (see Ruchkin & Sutton, 1983, for a re- mands, beyond the processing that underlies P3b. Slow Wave activity has been found in a variety This research was supported in part by a U.S.P.H.S. of tasks. Comparisons of these data suggest that grant from the National Institute of Neurological and there are systematic differences in Slow Waves such Communicative Disorders and Stroke, NS 11 199. We are that they appear to be reducible to two broad catindebted to Dr. Richard Coppola for providing laboratory egories based on their onset latencies, those reflectcomputer software and Mr. Howard Canoune for editorial jng gj^jjer (1) perceptual operations or (2) concep

243 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicated that specialized brain systems for short-term storage of phonological and visuo-spatial information could be identified on the basis of marked differences between the topographies and morphologies of the ERP components elicited during these two types of short- term memory.

229 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The meaning of the terms "method" and "method bias" are explored and whether method biases influence all measures equally are examined, and the evidence of the effects that method biases have on individual measures and on the covariation between different constructs is reviewed.
Abstract: Despite the concern that has been expressed about potential method biases, and the pervasiveness of research settings with the potential to produce them, there is disagreement about whether they really are a problem for researchers in the behavioral sciences. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to explore the current state of knowledge about method biases. First, we explore the meaning of the terms “method” and “method bias” and then we examine whether method biases influence all measures equally. Next, we review the evidence of the effects that method biases have on individual measures and on the covariation between different constructs. Following this, we evaluate the procedural and statistical remedies that have been used to control method biases and provide recommendations for minimizing method bias.

8,719 citations

Book
03 Jul 2010
TL;DR: The Psychology of Learning and Motivation (PLM) series as mentioned in this paper is a collection of contributions in cognitive and experimental psychology, ranging from classical and instrumental conditioning to complex learning and problem solving.
Abstract: Psychology of Learning and Motivation publishes empirical and theoretical contributions in cognitive and experimental psychology, ranging from classical and instrumental conditioning to complex learning and problem solving. Each chapter thoughtfully integrates the writings of leading contributors, who present and discuss significant bodies of research relevant to their discipline. Volume 62 includes chapters on such varied topics as automatic logic and effortful beliefs, complex learning and development, bias detection and heuristics thinking, perceiving scale in real and virtual environments, using multidimensional encoding and retrieval contexts to enhance our understanding of source memory, causes and consequences of forgetting in thinking and remembering and people as contexts in conversation. * Volume 62 of the highly regarded Psychology of Learning and Motivation series* An essential reference for researchers and academics in cognitive science* Relevant to both applied concerns and basic research

3,864 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The amplitude of the P300 component is controlled multiplicatively by the subjective probability and task relevance of eliciting events, whereas its latency depends on the duration of stimulus evaluation as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: To understand the endogenous components of the event-related brain potential (ERP), we must use data about the components' antecedent conditions to form hypotheses about the information-processing function of the underlying brain activity These hypotheses, in turn, generate testable predictions about the consequences of the component We review the application of this approach to the analysis of the P300 component The amplitude of the P300 is controlled multiplicatively by the subjective probability and the task relevance of the eliciting events, whereas its latency depends on the duration of stimulus evaluation These and other factors suggest that the P300 is a manifestation of activity occurring whenever one's model of the environment must be revised Tests of three predictions based on this “context updating” model are reviewed Verleger's critique is based on a misconstrual of the model as well as a partial and misleading reading of the relevant literature

3,451 citations

Book
12 Aug 2005
TL;DR: In An Introduction to the Event-Related Potential Technique, Steve Luck offers the first comprehensive guide to the practicalities of conducting ERP experiments in cognitive neuroscience and related fields, including affective neuroscience and experimental psychopathology.
Abstract: The event-related potential (ERP) technique in cognitive neuroscience allows scientists to observe human brain activity that reflects specific cognitive processes. In An Introduction to the Event-Related Potential Technique, Steve Luck offers the first comprehensive guide to the practicalities of conducting ERP experiments in cognitive neuroscience and related fields, including affective neuroscience and experimental psychopathology. The book can serve as a guide for the classroom or the laboratory and as a reference for researchers who do not conduct ERP studies themselves but need to understand and evaluate ERP experiments in the literature. It summarizes the accumulated body of ERP theory and practice, providing detailed, practical advice about how to design, conduct, and interpret ERP experiments, and presents the theoretical background needed to understand why an experiment is carried out in a particular way. Luck focuses on the most fundamental techniques, describing them as they are used in many of the world's leading ERP laboratories. These techniques reflect a long history of electrophysiological recordings and provide an excellent foundation for more advanced approaches. The book also provides advice on the key topic of how to design ERP experiments so that they will be useful in answering questions of broad scientific interest. This reflects the increasing proportion of ERP research that focuses on these broader questions rather than the "ERPology" of early studies, which concentrated primarily on ERP components and methods. Topics covered include the neural origins of ERPs, signal averaging, artifact rejection and correction, filtering, measurement and analysis, localization, and the practicalities of setting up the lab.

3,416 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The general conclusion is that alpha ERS plays an active role for the inhibitory control and timing of cortical processing whereas ERD reflects the gradual release of inhibition associated with the emergence of complex spreading activation processes.

3,261 citations