Daniel Varona Gómez

Bio: Daniel Varona Gómez is an academic researcher from University of Los Andes. The author has contributed to research in topics: Figure of merit & Nanofiltration. The author has an hindex of 7, co-authored 14 publications receiving 187 citations. Previous affiliations of Daniel Varona Gómez include Universidad de La Sabana & University of Oviedo.

Jueces penales y penas en España: (aplicación de las penas alternativas a la privación de libertad en los juzgados de lo penal)

Abstract: Este libro pretende que jueces, fiscales y abogados, asi como profesores y estudiantes de las disciplinas juridicas y criminologicas, puedan tener una percepcion real de la forma en que se aplican las nuevas penas previstas en el Codigo Penal de 1995. En "Jueces penales y penas en Espana" el lector encontrara respuestas a las razones que llevan a los jueces a conceder o denegar la suspension o sustitucion de las penas privativas de libertad, sabra la forma en que reaccionan frente al impago de multas y, en general, tendra una vision exhaustiva sobre los problemas que presenta en Espana la aplicacion de las penas alternativas.

Large thermoelectric figure of merit in graphene layered devices at low temperature

Abstract: Nanostructured materials have emerged as an alternative to enhance the figure of merit (ZT) of thermoelectric (TE) devices. Graphene exhibits a high electrical conductivity (in-plane) that is necessary for a high ZT; however, this effect is countered by its impressive thermal conductivity. In this work TE layered devices composed of electrochemically exfoliated graphene (EEG) and a phonon blocking material such as poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), polyaniline (PANI) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) at the interface were prepared. The figure of merit, ZT, of each device was measured in the cross-plane direction using the Transient Harman Method (THM) and complemented with AFM-based measurements. The results show remarkable high ZT values (0.81 < ZT < 2.45) that are directly related with the topography, surface potential, capacitance gradient and resistance of the devices at the nanoscale.

Impacto de un TLC en el Comercio entre Colombia y Turquía (Trade Impact of an FTA between Colombia and Turkey)

Abstract: Spanish Abstract: El objetivo de este articulo es explorar las oportunidades de crecimiento,diversificacion y competencia que tiene el comercio de Colombia y Turquia, y aquellas que se derivarian con la suscripcion de un tratado de libre comercio (TLC). Para ello se calculan cinco indicadores de comercio y politica comercial y se utiliza informacion desagregada del ano 2010 para hacer simulaciones de equilibrio parcial, y estimar los efectos de comercio, bienestar e ingreso que tendria el eventual acuerdo. Los resultados muestran que una reduccion arancelaria produciria un aumento del comercio del 3,7% el primer ano,reflejado en importaciones colombianas del sector textil – algodon, confecciones – y exportaciones de banano hacia Turquia;se crearia comercio en terminos netos y la desviacion de comercio afectaria a la Union Europea, Estados Unidos y Ecuador; los consumidores colombianos y turcos ganarian en terminos de bienestar,y se reduciria mas el recaudo tributario de Turquia que el de Colombia.English Abstract: The objective of this article is to explore the opportunities for growth, diversification and competition present in trade between Colombia and Turkey, and those that would be derived from a free trade agreement. To this effect, five indicators are calculated to characterize trade and trade policy and disaggregated data for 2010 is used to make partial equilibrium simulations that yield estimates on trade, welfare and income effects. The results show that a tariff reduction would result in an increase in trade of 3.7% during the first year, mostly reflected in Colombian imports of textiles – cotton and clothing – and Colombian exports of bananas; there would be net trade creation effects, and trade diversion would affect the European Union, United States and Ecuador; Turkish and Colombian consumers would gain in terms of welfare and Turkish tax revenues would fall more than those of Colombia.

Waste Mismanagement in Developing Countries: A Review of Global Issues.

Abstract: Environmental contamination due to solid waste mismanagement is a global issue. Open dumping and open burning are the main implemented waste treatment and final disposal systems, mainly visible in low-income countries. This paper reviews the main impacts due to waste mismanagement in developing countries, focusing on environmental contamination and social issues. The activity of the informal sector in developing cities was also reviewed, focusing on the main health risks due to waste scavenging. Results reported that the environmental impacts are pervasive worldwide: marine litter, air, soil and water contamination, and the direct interaction of waste pickers with hazardous waste are the most important issues. Many reviews were published in the scientific literature about specific waste streams, in order to quantify its effect on the environment. This narrative literature review assessed global issues due to different waste fractions showing how several sources of pollution are affecting the environment, population health, and sustainable development. The results and case studies presented can be of reference for scholars and stakeholders for quantifying the comprehensive impacts and for planning integrated solid waste collection and treatment systems, for improving sustainability at a global level.

Evaluating scenarios toward zero plastic pollution

Abstract: Plastic pollution is a pervasive and growing problem. To estimate the effectiveness of interventions to reduce plastic pollution, we modeled stocks and flows of municipal solid waste and four sources of microplastics through the global plastic system for five scenarios between 2016 and 2040. Implementing all feasible interventions reduced plastic pollution by 40% from 2016 rates and 78% relative to “business as usual” in 2040. Even with immediate and concerted action, 710 million metric tons of plastic waste cumulatively entered aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. To avoid a massive build-up of plastic in the environment, coordinated global action is urgently needed to reduce plastic consumption; increase rates of reuse, waste collection, and recycling; expand safe disposal systems; and accelerate innovation in the plastic value chain.

Synthetic membranes for water purification : status and future

Abstract: Membrane technology offers the best options to "drought proof" mankind on an increasingly thirsty planet by purifying seawater or used (waste) water. Although desalination by reverse osmosis (RO) and wastewater treatment by membrane bioreactors are well established the various membrane technologies still need to be significantly improved in terms of separation properties, energy demand and costs. We can now define the ideal characteristics of membranes and advances in material science and novel chemistries are leading to increasingly effective membranes. However developments in membranes must be matched by improved device design and membrane engineering. It is likely that limitations in fluid mechanics and mass transfer will define the upper bounds of membrane performance. Nevertheless major advances and growth over the next 20 years can be anticipated with RO remaining as the key to desalination and reclamation, with other membrane processes growing in support and in niche areas.