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Daniel W. Webster

Bio: Daniel W. Webster is an academic researcher from Johns Hopkins University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Poison control & Domestic violence. The author has an hindex of 40, co-authored 160 publications receiving 6547 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There are identifiable risk factors for intimate partner femicides and they include perpetrator's access to a gun and previous threat with a weapon, perpetrator's stepchild in the home, and estrangement, especially from a controlling partner.
Abstract: Objectives. This 11-city study sought to identify risk factors for femicide in abusive relationships. Methods. Proxies of 220 intimate partner femicide victims identified from police or medical examiner records were interviewed, along with 343 abused control women. Results. Preincident risk factors associated in multivariate analyses with increased risk of intimate partner femicide included perpetrator’s access to a gun and previous threat with a weapon, perpetrator’s stepchild in the home, and estrangement, especially from a controlling partner. Never living together and prior domestic violence arrest were associated with lowered risks. Significant incident factors included the victim having left for another partner and the perpetrator’s use of a gun. Other significant bivariate-level risks included stalking, forced sex, and abuse during pregnancy. Conclusions. There are identifiable risk factors for intimate partner femicides.

1,272 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The development, psychometric validation, and suggestions for use of the Danger Assessment are described, including possible improvements to the scoring algorithm with levels of risk.
Abstract: The Danger Assessment (DA) is an instrument designed to assess the likelihood of lethality or near lethality occurring in a case of intimate partner violence. This article describes the development, psychometric validation, and suggestions for use of the DA. An 11-city study of intimate partner femicide used multivariate analysis to test the predictive validity of the risk factors on the DA from intimate partner femicide cases (N = 310) compared with 324 abused women in the same cities (controls). The results were used to revise the DA (four items added; one "double-barreled" item divided into two), and the calculated weights (adjusted odds ratios) used to develop a scoring algorithm with levels of risk. These levels of risk were then tested with an independent sample of attempted femicides (N = 194) with a final outcome of .90 of the cases included in the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

508 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Florida's PDMP and pill mill laws were associated with modest decreases in opioid prescribing and use, and decreases were greatest among prescribers and patients with the highest baseline opioid prescriptions and use.
Abstract: Importance Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) and pill mill laws are among the principal means states use to reduce prescription drug abuse and diversion, yet little high-quality evidence exists regarding their effect. Objective To quantify the effect of Florida’s PDMP and pill mill laws on overall and high-risk opioid prescribing and use. Design, Setting, and Participants We applied comparative interrupted time-series analyses to IMS Health LifeLink LRx data to characterize the effect of PDMP and pill mill law implementation on a closed cohort of prescribers, retail pharmacies, and patients from July 2010 through September 2012 in Florida (intervention state) compared with Georgia (control state). We conducted sensitivity analyses, including varying length of observation and modifying requirements for continuous observation of individuals throughout the study period. Main Outcomes and Measures Total opioid volume, mean morphine milligram equivalent (MME) per transaction, mean days’ supply per transaction, and total number of opioid prescriptions dispensed. Analyses were conducted per prescriber and per patient, in aggregate and after stratifying by volume of baseline opioid prescribing for prescribers and use for patients. Results From July 2010 through September 2012, a cohort of 2.6 million patients, 431 890 prescribers, and 2829 pharmacies was associated with approximately 480 million prescriptions in Florida and Georgia, 7.7% of which were for opioids. Total monthly opioid volume, MME per transaction, days’ supply, and prescriptions dispensed were higher in Florida than Georgia before implementation. Florida’s laws were associated with statistically significant declines in opioid volume (2.5 kg/mo, P P Conclusions and Relevance Florida’s PDMP and pill mill laws were associated with modest decreases in opioid prescribing and use. Decreases were greatest among prescribers and patients with the highest baseline opioid prescribing and use.

223 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Knife carrying was associated with aggressiveness but did not appear to be related to serious delinquency and gun carrying within this nonrandom sample appeared to be a component of highly aggressive delinquency rather than a purely defensive behavior.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this study was to estimate associations between beliefs and experiences hypothesized to be related to weapon carrying among youths. METHODS. Students in two inner-city junior high schools completed anonymous questionnaires. Logistic regression models were fit for having ever carried a weapon for protection or use in a fight and were stratified by sex and weapon type. RESULTS. Among males, 47% had carried knives and 25% had carried guns. Key risk factors for knife carrying were being threatened with a knife, getting into fights, and disbelief that having a weapon increases the carrier's risk of injury. Gun carrying was associated with having been arrested, knowing more victims of violence, starting fights, and being willing to justify shooting someone. Among females, 37% had carried a knife; knowing many victims of violence and being willing to justify shooting someone predicted knife carrying. CONCLUSIONS. Knife carrying was associated with aggressiveness but did not appear to be related to serious delinquency. Gun carrying within this nonrandom sample appeared to be a component of highly aggressive delinquency rather than a purely defensive behavior. VioLit summary: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study by Webster et al. was to estimate associations between beliefs and experiences hypothesized to be related to weapon carrying among youths. METHODOLOGY: This study was quasi-experimental in design. Weapon carrying was hypothesized to be a result of several related factors: an individuals exposure to violence, delinquent activities, beliefs concerning physical abuse and murder under certain conditions, the individuals support of violent acts from peers, behavior patterns showing aggressiveness, and the belief that possessing a weapon could protect an individual from an attack. Baseline data were collected in two public junior high schools in Washington, D.C. as part of a larger study that evaluated the results of a youth violence prevention program. Data were collected from a nonrandom sample of students. The students completed anonymous questionnaires.Students were asked such questions as: "Have you ever carried a gun (knife) with you for protection or to use in case you get into a fight? If your answer was yes, how many times would you say that you carried a gun (knife) for protection during the past two weeks?" Students who had carried a weapon and dichotomous independent variables were measured with bivariate associations with a ninety-five percent confidence interval. A Student's t test was utilized to measure differences in means for continuous independent variables. Logistic regression models were fit for having ever carried a weapon for protection or use in a fight and were stratified by sex and weapon type. FINDINGS/DISCUSSION: Among seventh grade males, forty-eight percent had carried knives, and twenty-three percent had carried guns. Forty-five of eighth grade males carried a knife, and forty percent carried a gun. Key risks factors for knife carrying were being threatened with a knife, getting into fights, and disbelief that having a weapon increases the carrier's risk of injury. Gun carrying was associated with having been arrested, knowing more victims of violence, starting fights, and being willing to justify shooting someone. Among seventh grade females, thirty-one percent had carried a knife; knowing many victims of violence and being willing to justify shooting someone predicted knife carrying. Knife carrying was associated with aggressiveness but did not appear to be related to serious delinquency. Gun carrying within this nonrandom sample appeared to be a component of highly aggressive delinquency rather than a purely defensive behavior. AUTHORS' RECOMMENDATIONS: The authors advocated further research and greater insight into the determinants of weapon carrying which could come from other studies that measure an array of attitudes about weapons. (CSPV Abstract - Copyright © 1992-2007 by the Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence, Institute of Behavioral Science, Regents of the University of Colorado) KW - Urban Youth KW - Urban School KW - Student Attitudes KW - Student Firearms Carrying KW - Student Perceptions KW - Student Weapons Carrying KW - Junior High School Student KW - Late Childhood KW - Early Adolescence KW - Grade 7 KW - Grade 8 KW - Child Attitudes KW - Child Firearms Carrying KW - Child Perceptions KW - Child Weapons Carrying KW - Juvenile Attitudes KW - Juvenile Firearms Carrying KW - Juvenile Perceptions KW - Juvenile Weapons Carrying KW - Weapons Carrying Causes KW - Weapons Carrying Incidence and Prevalence KW - Firearms Carrying Causes KW - Firearms Carrying Incidence and Prevalence

197 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The torrent of news stories following mass shootings raise public support for gun control policies but also contribute to negative attitudes toward those with serious mental illness as discussed by the authors, which contributes to the negative attitudes towards mental health patients.
Abstract: The torrent of news stories following mass shootings raise public support for gun control policies but also contribute to negative attitudes toward those with serious mental illness.

185 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings from a meta-analysis of 213 school-based, universal social and emotional learning programs involving 270,034 kindergarten through high school students suggest that policy makers, educators, and the public can contribute to healthy development of children by supporting the incorporation of evidence-based SEL programming into standard educational practice.
Abstract: This article presents findings from a meta-analysis of 213 school-based, universal social and emotional learning (SEL) programs involving 270,034 kindergarten through high school students. Compared to controls, SEL participants demonstrated significantly improved social and emotional skills, attitudes, behavior, and academic performance that reflected an 11-percentile-point gain in achievement. School teaching staff successfully conducted SEL programs. The use of 4 recommended practices for developing skills and the presence of implementation problems moderated program outcomes. The findings add to the growing empirical evidence regarding the positive impact of SEL programs. Policy makers, educators, and the public can contribute to healthy development of children by supporting the incorporation of evidence-based SEL programming into standard educational practice.

5,678 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
10 Nov 1993-JAMA
TL;DR: The most prominent contributors to mortality in the United States in 1990 were tobacco, diet and activity patterns, alcohol, microbial agents, toxic agents, firearms, sexual behavior, motor vehicles, and illicit use of drugs.
Abstract: Objective. —To identify and quantify the major external (nongenetic) factors that contribute to death in the United States. Data Sources. —Articles published between 1977 and 1993 were identified through MEDLINE searches, reference citations, and expert consultation. Government reports and compilations of vital statistics and surveillance data were also obtained. Study Selection. —Sources selected were those that were often cited and those that indicated a quantitative assessment of the relative contributions of various factors to mortality and morbidity. Data Extraction. —Data used were those for which specific methodological assumptions were stated. A table quantifying the contributions of leading factors was constructed using actual counts, generally accepted estimates, and calculated estimates that were developed by summing various individual estimates and correcting to avoid double counting. For the factors of greatest complexity and uncertainty (diet and activity patterns and toxic agents), a conservative approach was taken by choosing the lower boundaries of the various estimates. Data Synthesis. —The most prominent contributors to mortality in the United States in 1990 were tobacco (an estimated 400000 deaths), diet and activity patterns (300 000), alcohol (100 000), microbial agents (90 000), toxic agents (60 000), firearms (35 000), sexual behavior (30 000), motor vehicles (25 000), and illicit use of drugs (20 000). Socioeconomic status and access to medical care are also important contributors, but difficult to quantify independent of the other factors cited. Because the studies reviewed used different approaches to derive estimates, the stated numbers should be viewed as first approximations. Conclusions. —Approximately half of all deaths that occurred in 1990 could be attributed to the factors identified. Although no attempt was made to further quantify the impact of these factors on morbidity and quality of life, the public health burden they impose is considerable and offers guidance for shaping health policy priorities. (JAMA. 1993;270:2207-2212)

5,468 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Research on the mental and physical health sequelae of intimate partner violence is reviewed and increased assessment and interventions for intimate partner Violence in health-care settings are recommended.

3,615 citations

01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: This experimental and quasi experimental designs for research aims to help people to cope with some infectious virus inside their laptop, rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, but end up in malicious downloads.
Abstract: Thank you for reading experimental and quasi experimental designs for research. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their favorite readings like this experimental and quasi experimental designs for research, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious virus inside their laptop.

2,255 citations

01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: This application applied longitudinal data analysis modeling change and event occurrence will help people to enjoy a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon instead of facing with some infectious virus inside their computer.
Abstract: Thank you very much for downloading applied longitudinal data analysis modeling change and event occurrence. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite novels like this applied longitudinal data analysis modeling change and event occurrence, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious virus inside their computer.

2,102 citations