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Daniela Farinelli

Bio: Daniela Farinelli is an academic researcher from University of Perugia. The author has contributed to research in topics: Pruning & Canopy. The author has an hindex of 18, co-authored 67 publications receiving 979 citations.
Topics: Pruning, Canopy, Ripening, Shoot, Orchard


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data suggest that in grapevine stomatal conductance is primarily regulated by passive hydraulic mechanisms, suggesting the occurrence of a mechanism of long-term down-regulation of transpiration to favor embolism repair and preserve water under conditions of fluctuating water availability and repeated drought events.
Abstract: Water saving under drought stress is assured by stomatal closure driven by active (ABA-mediated) and/or passive (hydraulic-mediated) mechanisms. There is currently no comprehensive model nor any general consensus about the actual contribution and relative importance of each of the above factors in modulating stomatal closure in planta. In the present study, we assessed the contribution of passive (hydraulic) vs active (ABA mediated) mechanisms of stomatal closure in V. vinifera plants facing drought stress. Leaf gas exchange decreased progressively to zero during drought, and embolism-induced loss of hydraulic conductance in petioles peaked to ~50% in correspondence with strong daily limitation of stomatal conductance. Foliar ABA significantly increased only after complete stomatal closure had already occurred. Rewatering plants after complete stomatal closure and after foliar ABA reached maximum values did not induced stomatal re-opening, despite embolism recovery and water potential rise. Our data suggest that in grapevine stomatal conductance is primarily regulated by passive hydraulic mechanisms. Foliar ABA apparently limits leaf gas exchange over long-term, also preventing recovery of stomatal aperture upon rewatering, suggesting the occurrence of a mechanism of long-term down-regulation of transpiration to favor embolism repair and preserve water under conditions of fluctuating water availability and repeated drought events.

230 citations

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TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured changes in fruit growth rate, carbohydrate content and enzyme activity (sucrose synthase, UDPglucose pyrophosphorylase, fructokinase, glucokinase and invertases), in the external pericarp of kiwifruit, were measured throughout the growing season.

76 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that V. vinifera near-ishydric and anisohydric genotypes differ in terms of xylem vulnerability to cavitation as well as in termsof k(petiole) and that the coordination of these traits leads to their different stomatal responses under water stress conditions.
Abstract: Current understanding of physiological mechanisms governing stomatal behavior under water stress conditions is still incomplete and controversial. It has been proposed that coordination of stomatal kinetics with xylem vulnerability to cavitation [vulnerability curve (VC)] leads to different levels of isohydry/anisohydry in different plant species/cultivars. In this study, this hypothesis is tested in Vitis vinifera cultivars displaying contrasting stomatal behavior under drought stress. The cv Montepulciano (MP, near-isohydric) and Sangiovese (SG, anisohydric) were compared in terms of stomatal response to leaf and stem water potential, as possibly correlated to different petiole hydraulic conductivity (k(petiole)) and VC, as well as to leaf water relations parameters. MP leaves showed almost complete stomatal closure at higher leaf and stem water potentials than SG leaves. Moreover, MP petioles had higher maximum k(petiole) and were more vulnerable to cavitation than SG. Water potential at the turgor loss point was higher in MP than in SG. In SG, the percentage reduction of stomatal conductance (PLg(s)) under water stress was almost linearly correlated with corresponding percentage loss of k(petiole) (PLC), while in MP PLg(s) was less influenced by PLC. Our results suggest that V. vinifera near-isohydric and anisohydric genotypes differ in terms of xylem vulnerability to cavitation as well as in terms of k(petiole) and that the coordination of these traits leads to their different stomatal responses under water stress conditions.

68 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work shows how NIR-AOTF can be considered a feasible tool for the on-field and nondestructive measurement of specific and total phenols in olives for oil production.
Abstract: Olive fruits of three different cultivars (Moraiolo, Dolce di Andria, and Nocellara Etnea) were monitored during ripening up to harvest, and specific and total phenols were measured by HPLC (High Pressure Liquid Chromatography). On the same olive samples (n = 450), spectral detections were performed using a portable NIR (Near Infrared)-AOTF (Acousto Optically Tunable Filter) device in diffuse reflectance mode (1100–2300 nm). Prediction models were developed for the main phenolic compounds (e.g., oleuropein, verbascoside, and 3,4-DHPEA-EDA) and total phenols using Partial Least Squares (PLS). Internal cross-validation (leave-one-out method) was applied for calibration and prediction models developed on the data sets relative to each single cultivar. Validation of the models obtained as the sum of the three sample sets (total phenols, n = 162; verbascoside, n = 162; oleuropein, n = 148; 3,4-DHPEA-EDA, n = 162) were performed by external sets of data. Obtained results in term of R2 (in calibration, predictio...

59 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was found that stored malate was not the quantitatively most important substrate utilised by respiration and ethanolic fermentation in the pericarp of grape berries during most of ripening, and it is likely that sugars provide the bulk of the deficit in substrate.

47 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Last decade's advances and modern aspects of near infrared spectroscopy are critically examined and reviewed in order to understand why the technique has found intensive application in the most diverse and modern areas of analytical importance during the last ten years.

627 citations

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365 citations

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TL;DR: The correlations among the drought tolerance traits across species provide a framework for predicting plant responses to a wide range of water stress from one or two sampled traits, increasing the ability to rapidly characterize drought tolerance across diverse species.
Abstract: Climate change is expected to exacerbate drought for many plants, making drought tolerance a key driver of species and ecosystem responses. Plant drought tolerance is determined by multiple traits, but the relationships among traits, either within individual plants or across species, have not been evaluated for general patterns across plant diversity. We synthesized the published data for stomatal closure, wilting, declines in hydraulic conductivity in the leaves, stems, and roots, and plant mortality for 262 woody angiosperm and 48 gymnosperm species. We evaluated the correlations among the drought tolerance traits across species, and the general sequence of water potential thresholds for these traits within individual plants. The trait correlations across species provide a framework for predicting plant responses to a wide range of water stress from one or two sampled traits, increasing the ability to rapidly characterize drought tolerance across diverse species. Analyzing these correlations also identified correlations among the leaf and stem hydraulic traits and the wilting point, or turgor loss point, beyond those expected from shared ancestry or independent associations with water stress alone. Further, on average, the angiosperm species generally exhibited a sequence of drought tolerance traits that is expected to limit severe tissue damage during drought, such as wilting and substantial stem embolism. This synthesis of the relationships among the drought tolerance traits provides crucial, empirically supported insight into representing variation in multiple traits in models of plant and ecosystem responses to drought.

341 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The analyses show that, across species, a tight regulation of ΨL is not necessarily associated with greater stomatal control or with more constrained assimilation during drought, and therefore, iso/anisohydry defined in terms of ΩL regulation cannot be used as an indicator of a specific mechanism of drought-induced mortality or as a proxy for overall plant vulnerability to drought.
Abstract: In this review, we address the relationship between stomatal behaviour, water potential regulation and hydraulic transport in plants, focusing on the implications for the iso/anisohydric classification of plant drought responses at seasonal timescales. We first revise the history of the isohydric concept and its possible definitions. Then, we use published data to answer two main questions: (1) is greater stomatal control in response to decreasing water availability associated with a tighter regulation of leaf water potential (ΨL ) across species? and (2) is there an association between tighter ΨL regulation (~isohydric behaviour) and lower leaf conductance over time during a drought event? These two questions are addressed at two levels: across species growing in different sites and comparing only species coexisting at a given site. Our analyses show that, across species, a tight regulation of ΨL is not necessarily associated with greater stomatal control or with more constrained assimilation during drought. Therefore, iso/anisohydry defined in terms of ΨL regulation cannot be used as an indicator of a specific mechanism of drought-induced mortality or as a proxy for overall plant vulnerability to drought.

308 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The current understanding of how stomatal number and morphology are involved in regulating water-use efficiency is reviewed and the potential and limitations of manipulatingStomatal development to increase drought tolerance and to reduce water loss in crops as the climate changes are discussed.
Abstract: Global warming and associated precipitation changes will negatively impact on many agricultural ecosystems. Major food production areas are expected to experience reduced water availability and increased frequency of drought over the coming decades. In affected areas, this is expected to reduce the production of important food crops including wheat, rice, and maize. The development of crop varieties able to sustain or improve yields with less water input is, therefore, a priority for crop research. Almost all water used for plant growth is lost to the atmosphere by transpiration through stomatal pores on the leaf epidermis. By altering stomatal pore apertures, plants are able to optimize their CO2 uptake for photosynthesis while minimizing water loss. Over longer periods, stomatal development may also be adjusted, with stomatal size and density being adapted to suit the prevailing conditions. Several approaches to improve drought tolerance and water-use efficiency through the modification of stomatal traits have been tested in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. However, there is surprisingly little known about the stomata of crop species. Here, we review the current understanding of how stomatal number and morphology are involved in regulating water-use efficiency. Moreover, we discuss the potential and limitations of manipulating stomatal development to increase drought tolerance and to reduce water loss in crops as the climate changes.

271 citations