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Author

Daniele Vetrugno

Other affiliations: Max Planck Society
Bio: Daniele Vetrugno is an academic researcher from University of Trento. The author has contributed to research in topics: Cosmic microwave background & Gravitational wave. The author has an hindex of 19, co-authored 73 publications receiving 2173 citations. Previous affiliations of Daniele Vetrugno include Max Planck Society.


Papers
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02 Feb 2017
TL;DR: The LISA Consortium as mentioned in this paper proposed a 4-year mission in response to ESA's call for missions for L3, which is an all-sky monitor and will offer a wide view of a dynamic cosmos using Gravitational Waves as new and unique messengers to unveil The Gravitational Universe.
Abstract: Following the selection of The Gravitational Universe by ESA, and the successful flight of LISA Pathfinder, the LISA Consortium now proposes a 4 year mission in response to ESA's call for missions for L3. The observatory will be based on three arms with six active laser links, between three identical spacecraft in a triangular formation separated by 2.5 million km. LISA is an all-sky monitor and will offer a wide view of a dynamic cosmos using Gravitational Waves as new and unique messengers to unveil The Gravitational Universe. It provides the closest ever view of the infant Universe at TeV energy scales, has known sources in the form of verification binaries in the Milky Way, and can probe the entire Universe, from its smallest scales near the horizons of black holes, all the way to cosmological scales. The LISA mission will scan the entire sky as it follows behind the Earth in its orbit, obtaining both polarisations of the Gravitational Waves simultaneously, and will measure source parameters with astrophysically relevant sensitivity in a band from below $10^{-4}\,$Hz to above $10^{-1}\,$Hz.

935 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Michele Armano1, Heather Audley2, G. Auger3, J. Baird4, Massimo Bassan5, Pierre Binétruy3, M. Born2, Daniele Bortoluzzi6, N. Brandt7, M. Caleno1, L. Carbone6, Antonella Cavalleri8, A. Cesarini6, Giacomo Ciani6, G. Congedo6, A. M. Cruise9, Karsten Danzmann2, M. de Deus Silva1, R. De Rosa, M. Diaz-Aguilo10, L. Di Fiore, Ingo Diepholz2, G. Dixon9, Rita Dolesi6, N. Dunbar7, Luigi Ferraioli11, Valerio Ferroni6, Walter Fichter, E. D. Fitzsimons12, R. Flatscher7, M. Freschi1, A. F. García Marín2, C. García Marirrodriga1, R. Gerndt7, Lluis Gesa10, Ferran Gibert6, Domenico Giardini11, R. Giusteri6, F. Guzmán2, Aniello Grado13, Catia Grimani14, A. Grynagier, J. Grzymisch1, I. Harrison15, Gerhard Heinzel2, M. Hewitson2, Daniel Hollington4, D. Hoyland9, Mauro Hueller6, Henri Inchauspe3, Oliver Jennrich1, Ph. Jetzer16, Ulrich Johann7, B. Johlander1, Nikolaos Karnesis2, B. Kaune2, N. Korsakova2, Christian J. Killow17, J. A. Lobo10, Ivan Lloro10, L. Liu6, J. P. López-Zaragoza10, R. Maarschalkerweerd15, Davor Mance11, V. Martín10, L. Martin-Polo1, J. Martino3, F. Martin-Porqueras1, S. Madden1, Ignacio Mateos10, Paul McNamara1, José F. F. Mendes15, L. Mendes1, A. Monsky2, Daniele Nicolodi6, Miquel Nofrarías10, S. Paczkowski2, Michael Perreur-Lloyd17, Antoine Petiteau3, P. Pivato6, Eric Plagnol3, P. Prat3, U. Ragnit1, B. Rais3, Juan Ramos-Castro18, J. Reiche2, D. I. Robertson17, H. Rozemeijer1, F. Rivas10, G. Russano6, J Sanjuán10, P. Sarra, A. Schleicher7, D. Shaul4, Jacob Slutsky19, Carlos F. Sopuerta10, Ruggero Stanga20, F. Steier2, T. J. Sumner4, D. Texier1, James Ira Thorpe19, C. Trenkel7, Michael Tröbs2, H. B. Tu6, Daniele Vetrugno6, Stefano Vitale6, V Wand2, Gudrun Wanner2, H. Ward17, C. Warren7, Peter Wass4, D. Wealthy7, W. J. Weber6, L. Wissel2, A. Wittchen2, A. Zambotti6, C. Zanoni6, Tobias Ziegler7, Peter Zweifel11 
TL;DR: The first results of the LISA Pathfinder in-flight experiment demonstrate that two free-falling reference test masses, such as those needed for a space-based gravitational wave observatory like LISA, can be put in free fall with a relative acceleration noise with a square root of the power spectral density.
Abstract: We report the first results of the LISA Pathfinder in-flight experiment. The results demonstrate that two free-falling reference test masses, such as those needed for a space-based gravitational wave observatory like LISA, can be put in free fall with a relative acceleration noise with a square root of the power spectral density of 5.2 +/- 0.1 fm s(exp -2)/square root of Hz, or (0.54 +/- 0.01) x 10(exp -15) g/square root of Hz, with g the standard gravity, for frequencies between 0.7 and 20 mHz. This value is lower than the LISA Pathfinder requirement by more than a factor 5 and within a factor 1.25 of the requirement for the LISA mission, and is compatible with Brownian noise from viscous damping due to the residual gas surrounding the test masses. Above 60 mHz the acceleration noise is dominated by interferometer displacement readout noise at a level of (34.8 +/- 0.3) fm square root of Hz, about 2 orders of magnitude better than requirements. At f less than or equal to 0.5 mHz we observe a low-frequency tail that stays below 12 fm s(exp -2)/square root of Hz down to 0.1 mHz. This performance would allow for a space-based gravitational wave observatory with a sensitivity close to what was originally foreseen for LISA.

523 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This performance provides an experimental benchmark demonstrating the ability to realize the low-frequency science potential of the LISA mission, recently selected by the European Space Agency.
Abstract: In the months since the publication of the first results, the noise performance of LISA Pathfinder has improved because of reduced Brownian noise due to the continued decrease in pressure around the test masses, from a better correction of noninertial effects, and from a better calibration of the electrostatic force actuation. In addition, the availability of numerous long noise measurement runs, during which no perturbation is purposely applied to the test masses, has allowed the measurement of noise with good statistics down to 20 μ Hz . The Letter presents the measured differential acceleration noise figure, which is at ( 1.74 ± 0.01 ) fm s − 2 / √ Hz above 2 mHz and ( 6 ± 1 ) × 10 fm s − 2 / √ Hz at 20 μ Hz , and discusses the physical sources for the measured noise. This performance provides an experimental benchmark demonstrating the ability to realize the low-frequency science potential of the LISA mission, recently selected by the European Space Agency.

271 citations

Posted Content
Pau Amaro-Seoane1, Sofiane Aoudia, Heather Audley, Gerard Auger  +155 moreInstitutions (6)
TL;DR: The eLISA mission as discussed by the authors is the first mission to study the entire universe with gravitational waves, and it will offer a wide view of a dynamic cosmos using gravitational waves as new and unique messengers to unveil The Gravitational Universe.
Abstract: The last century has seen enormous progress in our understanding of the Universe. We know the life cycles of stars, the structure of galaxies, the remnants of the big bang, and have a general understanding of how the Universe evolved. We have come remarkably far using electromagnetic radiation as our tool for observing the Universe. However, gravity is the engine behind many of the processes in the Universe, and much of its action is dark. Opening a gravitational window on the Universe will let us go further than any alternative. Gravity has its own messenger: Gravitational waves, ripples in the fabric of spacetime. They travel essentially undisturbed and let us peer deep into the formation of the first seed black holes, exploring redshifts as large as z ~ 20, prior to the epoch of cosmic re-ionisation. Exquisite and unprecedented measurements of black hole masses and spins will make it possible to trace the history of black holes across all stages of galaxy evolution, and at the same time constrain any deviation from the Kerr metric of General Relativity. eLISA will be the first ever mission to study the entire Universe with gravitational waves. eLISA is an all-sky monitor and will offer a wide view of a dynamic cosmos using gravitational waves as new and unique messengers to unveil The Gravitational Universe. It provides the closest ever view of the early processes at TeV energies, has guaranteed sources in the form of verification binaries in the Milky Way, and can probe the entire Universe, from its smallest scales around singularities and black holes, all the way to cosmological dimensions.

208 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Michele Armano1, Heather Audley2, G. Auger3, J. Baird4, Pierre Binétruy3, M. Born2, Daniele Bortoluzzi5, N. Brandt6, A. Bursi, M. Caleno1, Antonella Cavalleri5, A. Cesarini5, M. Cruise7, Karsten Danzmann2, M. de Deus Silva1, Ingo Diepholz2, Rita Dolesi5, N. Dunbar6, Luigi Ferraioli8, Valerio Ferroni5, E. D. Fitzsimons9, R. Flatscher6, M. Freschi1, J. Gallegos1, C. García Marirrodriga1, R. Gerndt6, Lluis Gesa10, Ferran Gibert5, Domenico Giardini8, R. Giusteri5, Catia Grimani11, J. Grzymisch1, I. Harrison12, Gerhard Heinzel2, M. Hewitson2, Daniel Hollington4, Mauro Hueller5, J. Huesler1, Henri Inchauspe3, Oliver Jennrich1, Ph. Jetzer13, B. Johlander1, Nikolaos Karnesis2, B. Kaune2, Christian J. Killow14, N. Korsakova14, Ivan Lloro10, L. Liu5, J. P. López-Zaragoza10, R. Maarschalkerweerd12, S. Madden1, Davor Mance8, V. Martín10, L. Martin-Polo1, J. Martino3, F. Martin-Porqueras1, Ignacio Mateos10, Paul McNamara1, José F. F. Mendes12, L. Mendes1, A. Moroni, Miquel Nofrarías10, S. Paczkowski2, Michael Perreur-Lloyd14, Antoine Petiteau3, P. Pivato5, Eric Plagnol3, P. Prat3, U. Ragnit1, Juan Ramos-Castro15, J. Reiche2, J. A. Romera Perez1, D. I. Robertson14, H. Rozemeijer1, F. Rivas10, G. Russano5, P. Sarra, A. Schleicher6, Jacob Slutsky16, Carlos F. Sopuerta10, T. J. Sumner4, D. Texier1, James Ira Thorpe16, C. Trenkel6, Daniele Vetrugno5, S. Vitale5, Gudrun Wanner2, H. Ward14, Peter Wass4, D. Wealthy6, W. J. Weber5, A. Wittchen2, C. Zanoni5, Tobias Ziegler6, Peter Zweifel8 
TL;DR: Electrostatic measurements made on board the European Space Agency mission LISA Pathfinder are the first made in a relevant environment for a space-based gravitational wave detector and resolve the stochastic nature of the TM charge buildup due to interplanetary cosmic rays and theTM charge-to-force coupling through stray electric fields in the sensor.
Abstract: We report on electrostatic measurements made on board the European Space Agency mission LISA Pathfinder. Detailed measurements of the charge-induced electrostatic forces exerted on free-falling test masses (TMs) inside the capacitive gravitational reference sensor are the first made in a relevant environment for a space-based gravitational wave detector. Employing a combination of charge control and electric-field compensation, we show that the level of charge-induced acceleration noise on a single TM can be maintained at a level close to 1.0 fm s-2 Hz-1/2 across the 0.1–100 mHz frequency band that is crucial to an observatory such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). Using dedicated measurements that detect these effects in the differential acceleration between the two test masses, we resolve the stochastic nature of the TM charge buildup due to interplanetary cosmic rays and the TM charge-to-force coupling through stray electric fields in the sensor. All our measurements are in good agreement with predictions based on a relatively simple electrostatic model of the LISA Pathfinder instrument.

73 citations


Cited by
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01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: The Monthly Notices as mentioned in this paper is one of the three largest general primary astronomical research publications in the world, published by the Royal Astronomical Society (RAE), and it is the most widely cited journal in astronomy.
Abstract: Monthly Notices is one of the three largest general primary astronomical research publications. It is an international journal, published by the Royal Astronomical Society. This article 1 describes its publication policy and practice.

2,091 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a catalog of modified theories of gravity for which strong-field predictions have been computed and contrasted to Einstein's theory is presented, and the current understanding of the structure and dynamics of compact objects in these theories is summarized.
Abstract: One century after its formulation, Einstein's general relativity (GR) has made remarkable predictions and turned out to be compatible with all experimental tests. Most of these tests probe the theory in the weak-field regime, and there are theoretical and experimental reasons to believe that GR should be modified when gravitational fields are strong and spacetime curvature is large. The best astrophysical laboratories to probe strong-field gravity are black holes and neutron stars, whether isolated or in binary systems. We review the motivations to consider extensions of GR. We present a (necessarily incomplete) catalog of modified theories of gravity for which strong-field predictions have been computed and contrasted to Einstein's theory, and we summarize our current understanding of the structure and dynamics of compact objects in these theories. We discuss current bounds on modified gravity from binary pulsar and cosmological observations, and we highlight the potential of future gravitational wave measurements to inform us on the behavior of gravity in the strong-field regime.

1,066 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
R. Abbott1, T. D. Abbott2, Sheelu Abraham3, Fausto Acernese4  +1332 moreInstitutions (150)
TL;DR: It is inferred that the primary black hole mass lies within the gap produced by (pulsational) pair-instability supernova processes, with only a 0.32% probability of being below 65 M⊙, which can be considered an intermediate mass black hole (IMBH).
Abstract: On May 21, 2019 at 03:02:29 UTC Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo observed a short duration gravitational-wave signal, GW190521, with a three-detector network signal-to-noise ratio of 14.7, and an estimated false-alarm rate of 1 in 4900 yr using a search sensitive to generic transients. If GW190521 is from a quasicircular binary inspiral, then the detected signal is consistent with the merger of two black holes with masses of 85_{-14}^{+21} M_{⊙} and 66_{-18}^{+17} M_{⊙} (90% credible intervals). We infer that the primary black hole mass lies within the gap produced by (pulsational) pair-instability supernova processes, with only a 0.32% probability of being below 65 M_{⊙}. We calculate the mass of the remnant to be 142_{-16}^{+28} M_{⊙}, which can be considered an intermediate mass black hole (IMBH). The luminosity distance of the source is 5.3_{-2.6}^{+2.4} Gpc, corresponding to a redshift of 0.82_{-0.34}^{+0.28}. The inferred rate of mergers similar to GW190521 is 0.13_{-0.11}^{+0.30} Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1}.

876 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
B. P. Abbott1, Richard J. Abbott1, T. D. Abbott2, M. R. Abernathy3  +1135 moreInstitutions (139)
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present possible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next decade, with the intention of providing information to the astronomy community to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves.
Abstract: We present possible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next decade, with the intention of providing information to the astronomy community to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We estimate the sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals, and study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source. We report our findings for gravitational-wave transients, with particular focus on gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary neutron star systems, which are the most promising targets for multi-messenger astronomy. The ability to localize the sources of the detected signals depends on the geographical distribution of the detectors and their relative sensitivity, and 90% credible regions can be as large as thousands of square degrees when only two sensitive detectors are operational. Determining the sky position of a significant fraction of detected signals to areas of 5– 20 deg2 requires at least three detectors of sensitivity within a factor of ∼2 of each other and with a broad frequency bandwidth. When all detectors, including KAGRA and the third LIGO detector in India, reach design sensitivity, a significant fraction of gravitational-wave signals will be localized to a few square degrees by gravitational-wave observations alone.

804 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review early universe sources that can lead to cosmological backgrounds of GWs and discuss the basic characteristics of present and future GW detectors, including advanced LIGO, advanced Virgo, the Einstein telescope, KAGRA, and LISA.
Abstract: Gravitational waves (GWs) have a great potential to probe cosmology. We review early universe sources that can lead to cosmological backgrounds of GWs. We begin by presenting proper definitions of GWs in flat space-time and in a cosmological setting (section 2). Following, we discuss the reasons why early universe GW backgrounds are of a stochastic nature, and describe the general properties of a stochastic background (section 3). We recap current observational constraints on stochastic backgrounds, and discuss the basic characteristics of present and future GW detectors, including advanced LIGO, advanced Virgo, the Einstein telescope, KAGRA, and LISA (section 4). We then review in detail early universe GW generation mechanisms, as well as the properties of the GW backgrounds they give rise to. We classify the backgrounds in five categories: GWs from quantum vacuum fluctuations during standard slow-roll inflation (section 5), GWs from processes that operate within extensions of the standard inflationary paradigm (section 6), GWs from post-inflationary preheating and related non-perturbative phenomena (section 7), GWs from first order phase transitions related or not to the electroweak symmetry breaking (section 8), and GWs from general topological defects, and from cosmic strings in particular (section 9). The phenomenology of these early universe processes is extremely rich, and some of the GW backgrounds they generate can be within the reach of near-future GW detectors. A future detection of any of these backgrounds will provide crucial information on the underlying high energy theory describing the early universe, probing energy scales well beyond the reach of particle accelerators.

643 citations