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Danny Dorling

Bio: Danny Dorling is an academic researcher from University of Oxford. The author has contributed to research in topics: Population & Life expectancy. The author has an hindex of 57, co-authored 347 publications receiving 11544 citations. Previous affiliations of Danny Dorling include University of Leeds & University of Sheffield.


Papers
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Book
20 Nov 1999
TL;DR: This book presents new evidence (which was not available to the government's Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health) on the size of the gap, and the extent to which the gap is widening.
Abstract: Relentlessly, the wide health gap between different groups of people living in Britain continues to get even wider. This book presents new evidence (which was not available to the government's Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health) on the size of the gap, and the extent to which the gap is widening. In particular, new geographical data are presented and displayed in striking graphical form. It challenges whether the government is concerned enough about reducing inequalities and highlights the living conditions of the million people living in the least healthy areas in Britain. It presents explanations for the widening health gap, and addresses the implications of this major social problem. In the light of this evidence the authors put forward social policies which will reduce the health gap in the future. The widening gap synthesises all the information available to date and should be read alongside the report of the evidence presented to the Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health (Inequalities in health, The Policy Press, 1999) and by all those concerned with reducing health inequalities. Studies in poverty, inequality and social exclusion series

363 citations

Book
21 Apr 2010
TL;DR: Wilkinson and Pickett as mentioned in this paper discuss the antecedent and outcome and of injustice of inequality and inequality in education and argue that "Exclusion is necessary" and "prejudice is natural": a wider racism.
Abstract: Foreword ~ Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett Introduction Inequality: the antecedent and outcome and of injustice 'Elitism is efficient': new educational divisions 'Exclusion is necessary': excluding people from society 'Prejudice is natural': a wider racism 'Greed is good': consumption and waste 'Despair is inevitable': health and well-being Conclusion, conspiracy, consensus Afterword.

306 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
06 Apr 2006-BMJ
TL;DR: During 2006, even in the poorest countries, women can expect to outlive men.
Abstract: During 2006, even in the poorest countries, women can expect to outlive men > “Women who seek to be equal with men lack ambition.” > > Timothy Leary (1920-1996) T he year 2006 should not be allowed to pass without at least a quiet celebration that this is the first year in human history when—across almost all the world—women can expect to enjoy a longer life expectancy than men. That the trend is moving in this direction will probably be confirmed this week in the 2006 world health report. In its world health report of 2002, the World Health Organization, using data for 2001, reported that male life expectancy exceeded female life expectancy in only six countries: Nepal, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Bangladesh, and Swaziland.1 A year later, the situation seemed to have reversed in all six countries, with two other countries (Qatar and the Maldives) reporting that men were living slightly longer than women.2 In its …

282 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the results of the first national study of air quality in Britain to consider the implications of its distribution across over ten thousand local communities in terms of potential environmental injustice.
Abstract: This paper presents the results of the first national study of air quality in Britain to consider the implications of its distribution across over ten thousand local communities in terms of potential environmental injustice. We consider the recent history of the environmental justice debate in Britain, Europe, and the USA and, in the light of this, estimate how one aspect of air pollution, nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) levels, affects different population groups differentially across Britain. We also estimate the extent to which people living in each community in Britain contribute towards this pollution, with the aid of information on the characteristics of the vehicles they own. We find that, although community NO x emission and ambient NO2 concentration are strongly related, the communities that have access to fewest cars tend to suffer from the highest levels of air pollution, whereas those in which car ownership is greatest enjoy the cleanest air. Pollution is most concentrated in areas where young children and their parents are more likely to live and least concentrated in areas to which the elderly tend to migrate. Those communities that are most polluted and which also emit the least pollution tend to be amongst the poorest in Britain. There is therefore evidence of environmental injustice in the distribution and production of poor air quality in Britain. However, the spatial distribution of those who produce and receive most of that pollution have to be considered simultaneously to see this injustice clearly.

255 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
16 Oct 1999-BMJ
TL;DR: Investigation of the association between suicide and area based measures of deprivation and social fragmentation found suicide rates are more strongly associated with measures of social fragmentation than with poverty at a constituency level.
Abstract: Objectives: To investigate the association between suicide and area based measures of deprivation and social fragmentation. Design: Ecological study. Setting: 633 parliamentary constituencies of Great Britain as defined in 1991. Main outcome measures: Age and sex specific mortality rates for suicide and all other causes for 1981-92. Results: Mortality from suicide and all other causes increased with increasing Townsend deprivation score, social fragmentation score, and abstention from voting in all age and sex groups. Suicide mortality was most strongly related to social fragmentation, whereas deaths from other causes were more closely associated with Townsend score. Constituencies with absolute increases in social fragmentation and Townsend scores between 1981 and 1991 tended to have greater increases in suicide rates over the same period. The relation between change in social fragmentation and suicide was largely independent of Townsend score, whereas the association with Townsend score was generally reduced after adjustment for social fragmentation. Conclusions: Suicide rates are more strongly associated with measures of social fragmentation than with poverty at a constituency level. Key messages Place of residence may affect health, and mortality from most common diseases tends to be higher in areas characterised by low socioeconomic position Research dating back over 100 years suggests that social fragmentation may influence suicide In the 1980s and 1990s, parliamentary constituencies with high levels of social fragmentation had high rates of suicide, independent of deprivation Constituencies with the greatest increases in social fragmentation between 1981 and 1991 also had the greatest increases in suicide rates over the same period Any targeting of suicide prevention may be more effective if aimed at socially fragmented rather than deprived areas

248 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) as mentioned in this paper was created to marshal the evidence on what can be done to promote health equity and to foster a global movement to achieve it.

7,335 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Prevention will be the most cost-effective and feasible approach for many countries and should involve three mutually reinforcing strategies throughout life, starting in the antenatal period.
Abstract: Objective: To briefly review the current understanding of the aetiology and prevention of chronic diseases using a life course approach, demonstrating the lifelong influences on the development of disease. Design: A computer search of the relevant literature was done using Medline-‘life cycle’ and ‘nutrition’ and reviewing the articles for relevance in addressing the above objective. Articles from references dated before 1990 were followed up separately. A subsequent search using Clio updated the search and extended it by using ‘life cycle’, ‘nutrition’ and ‘noncommunicable disease’ (NCD), and ‘life course’. Several published and unpublished WHO reports were key in developing the background and arguments. Setting: International and national public health and nutrition policy development in light of the global epidemic in chronic diseases, and the continuing nutrition, demographic and epidemiological transitions happening in an increasingly globalized world. Results of review: There is a global epidemic of increasing obesity, diabetes and other chronic NCDs, especially in developing and transitional economies, and in the less affluent within these, and in the developed countries. At the same time, there has been an increase in communities and households that have coincident under- and over-nutrition. Conclusions: The epidemic will continue to increase and is due to a lifetime of exposures and influences. Genetic predisposition plays an unspecified role, and with programming during fetal life for adult disease contributing to an unknown degree. A global rise in obesity levels is contributing to a particular epidemic of type 2 diabetes as well as other NCDs. Prevention will be the most cost-effective and feasible approach for many countries and should involve three mutually reinforcing strategies throughout life, starting in the antenatal period.

2,984 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The development of specialized software for spatial data analysis has seen rapid growth since the lack of such tools was lamented in the late 1980s by Haining (1989) and cited as a major impediment to the adoption and use of spatial statistics by GIS researchers.
Abstract: The development of specialized software for spatial data analysis has seen rapid growth since the lack of such tools was lamented in the late 1980s by Haining (1989) and cited as a major impediment to the adoption and use of spatial statistics by GIS researchers. Initially, attention tended to focus on conceptual issues, such as how to integrate spatial statistical methods and a GIS environment (loosely vs. tightly coupled, embedded vs. modular, etc.), and which techniques would be most fruitfully included in such a framework. Familiar reviews of these issues are represented in, among others, Anselin and Getis (1992), Goodchild et al. (1992), Fischer and Nijkamp (1993), Fotheringham and Rogerson (1993, 1994), Fischer et al. (1996), and Fischer and Getis (1997). Today, the situation is quite different, and a fairly substantial collection of spatial data analysis software is readily available, ranging from niche programs, customized scripts and extensions for commercial statistical and GIS packages, to a burgeoning open source effort using software environments such as R, Java and Python. This is exemplified by the growing contents of the software tools clearing house maintained by the U.S.- based Center for Spatially Integrated Social Science [CSISS] (see http://www.csiss.org/clearinghouse/).

2,481 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This glossary presents a comprehensive list of indicators of socioeconomic position used in health research, with a description of what they intend to measure and how data are elicited and the advantages and limitation of the indicators.
Abstract: This glossary presents a comprehensive list of indicators of socioeconomic position used in health research. A description of what they intend to measure is given together with how data are elicited and the advantages and limitation of the indicators. The glossary is divided into two parts for journal publication but the intention is that it should be used as one piece. The second part highlights a life course approach and will be published in the next issue of the journal.

2,271 citations