자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

How we Think

Social Psychology of Organizations

The authors developed and meta-analytically examined hypotheses designed to test and extend work design theory by integrating motivational, social, and work context characteristics. Results from a summary of 259 studies and 219,625 participants showed that 14 work characteristics explained, on average, 43% of the variance in the 19 worker attitudes and behaviors examined. For example, motivational characteristics explained 25% of the variance in subjective performance, 2% in turnover perceptions, 34% in job satisfaction, 24% in organizational commitment, and 26% in role perception outcomes. Beyond motivational characteristics, social characteristics explained incremental variances of 9% of the variance in subjective performance, 24% in turnover intentions, 17% in job satisfaction, 40% in organizational commitment, and 18% in role perception outcomes. Finally, beyond both motivational and social characteristics, work context characteristics explained incremental variances of 4% in job satisfaction and 16% in stress. The results of this study suggest numerous opportunities for the continued development of work design theory and practice.

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Integrating Motivational, Social, and Contextual Work Design Features: A Meta-Analytic Summary and Theoretical Extension of the Work Design Literature

The causal logic behind many arguments in historical institutionalism emphasizes the enduring impact of choices made during critical junctures in history. These choices close off alternative options and lead to the establishment of institutions that generate self-reinforcing path-dependent processes. Despite the theoretical and practical importance of critical junctures, however, analyses of path dependence often devote little attention to them. The article reconstructs the concept of critical junctures, delimits its range of application, and provides methodological guidance for its use in historical institutional analyses. Contingency is the key characteristic of critical junctures, and counterfactual reasoning and narrative methods are necessary to analyze contingent factors and their impact. Finally, the authors address specific issues relevant to both cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of critical junctures.

/pdf/the-study-of-critical-junctures-theory-narrative-and-qt3ouv9nvn.pdf

The Study of Critical Junctures: Theory, Narrative, and Counterfactuals in Historical Institutionalism

In the last two decades knowledge on volunteering has significantly expanded, but a thorough understanding of the organizational socialization of volunteers is still lacking: the process through which one learns the job, internalizes organizational values and goals, and becomes an effective and involved volunteer. By performing an ethnographic study with Israeli volunteers working for at-risk youth, the organizational process was portrayed. The Volunteering Stages and Transitions Model (VSTM) presented in this article indicates five different phases in volunteers' socialization (nominee, newcomer, emotional involvement, established volunteering and retiring). The importance of the model lies in the way it explains transitions between the phases and details the process, experiences, and emotions involved in each phase. The transformation is reflected in different aspects related to volunteer work: activity and training; emotions and perceptions; attitudes and behavior; perceived benefits and costs; and rel...

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0018726707085946

The volunteer stages and transitions model: Organizational socialization of volunteers

The idea of action research and social change was the last conceptual topic to engage Kurt Lewin’s attention and energy prior to his untimely death in February 1947. In this article we commemorate the 60th anniversary of his 1946 paper ‘Action research and minority problems’. In the present article, eight principles of action research which were extracted from Lewin’s writings are presented and discussed. We attempt to show that the action research paradigm derived from four aspects of Lewin’s personal and intellectual background: his personal history as a Jew and an immigrant to America; his field theory and its meta-theoretical principles; a deep commitment to the idea of democracy; and his theory of social change.

http://empowereducation.yolasite.com/resources/Personal%20and%20intellectual.pdf

Personal and intellectual influences leading to Lewin’s paradigm of action research Towards the 60th anniversary of Lewin’s ‘Action research and minority problems’ (1946)

Action research was originally introduced by the late Kurt Lewin, who coined the term and who frequently used it in the realm of intergroup relations. Eight principles of action research based on L...

Action Research A Paradigm for Achieving Social Change

This journal issue commemorates the recent 100th anniversary of the birth of Kurt Lewin, a founder of the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues and of this, SPSSI's journal. It appears that his influence in academic social psychology has declined of late, but a review of recent literature reveals that Lewin's thought and work still guide activity in applied social psychology, particularly studies of groups, and in the practice of action research. The articles in this issue further demonstrate that contemporary social scientists find stimulation and direction for theory, research, and action in Lewin's legacy.

Introduction: The Heritage of Kurt Lewin

This article utilizes three areas of knowledge derived from field theory to conceptualize and analyze the planning and conduct of conflict management workshops for Arab and Jewish youth in Israel. The three areas of knowledge are ethnic identity and majority—minority relations, a theory of individual change within a social group, and principles of action research. The central field-theoretical concepts in each of these areas were applied to contemporary conflict management workshops. Among the products of this action research were changes in participants' attitudes, development of methods for the training and support of trainers, and accumulated knowledge regarding the differences between the two ethnic groups in communication and interpersonal styles.

David Bargal

Papers

The volunteer stages and transitions model: Organizational socialization of volunteers

Personal and intellectual influences leading to Lewin’s paradigm of action research Towards the 60th anniversary of Lewin’s ‘Action research and minority problems’ (1946)

Action Research A Paradigm for Achieving Social Change

Introduction: The Heritage of Kurt Lewin

A Lewinian Approach to Intergroup Workshops for Arab-Palestinian and Jewish Youth