David Bell

Bio: David Bell is an academic researcher from University of Leeds. The author has contributed to research in topics: Tourism & Queer. The author has an hindex of 52, co-authored 214 publications receiving 14873 citations. Previous affiliations of David Bell include University of California, Los Angeles & Staffordshire University.

The HI-FIVE trial, a prospective trial using 68Ga-4D-V/Q PET/CT for functional lung avoidance in locally advanced NSCLC.

Abstract: Introduction Functional lung avoidance (FLA) radiation therapy aims to spare regions of functional lung to reduce toxicity. We report the results of the first prospective trial of FLA using Four-Dimensional Gallium 68 Ventilation-Perfusion PET/CT (68Ga-4D-V/Q PET/CT). Methods Inclusion criteria required a diagnosis of stage III Non-Small Cell Lung cancer (NSCLC) and ability to undergo radical intent chemoradiation therapy. Functional volumes were generated using planning 68Ga-4D-V/Q PET/CT. These volumes were used to generate a clinical FLA plan to 60Gy in 30 fractions. The primary tumor was boosted to 69Gy. A comparison anatomical plan was generated for each patient. Feasibility was met if FLA plans (compared to anatomical plans) allowed (A) reduction in mean functional lung dose (fMLD) of ≥2% and reduction in the functional lung volume receiving 20 Gy (fV20Gy) of ≥4%; and (B) Mean heart dose ≤30 Gy and relative heart volume receiving 50 Gy <25%. Results 19 patients were recruited, one withdrew consent. Eighteen patients underwent chemoradiation with FLA. Of the 18 patients, 15 met criteria for feasibility. All patients completed the entire course of chemoradiotherapy. Using FLA resulted in an average reduction of the functional mean lung dose of 12.4% (SD ± 12.8%) and mean relative reduction of the fV20 of 22.9% (SD ± 11.9%). At 12 months, Kaplan-Meier estimates for Overall Survival were 83% (95% CI: 56-94%) and estimates for Progression Free Survival were 50% (95% CI: 26-70%). Quality-of-Life scores were stable over all timepoints. Conclusion Using 68Ga-4D-V/Q PET/CT to image and avoid functional lung is feasible.

Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community

Abstract: The present historical moment may seem a particularly inopportune time to review Bowling Alone, Robert Putnam's latest exploration of civic decline in America. After all, the outpouring of volunteerism, solidarity, patriotism, and self-sacrifice displayed by Americans in the wake of the September 11 terrorist attacks appears to fly in the face of Putnam's central argument: that \"social capital\" -defined as \"social networks and the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them\" (p. 19)'has declined to dangerously low levels in America over the last three decades. However, Putnam is not fazed in the least by the recent effusion of solidarity. Quite the contrary, he sees in it the potential to \"reverse what has been a 30to 40-year steady decline in most measures of connectedness or community.\"' As an example of how the current \"war on terrorism\" could generate a durable civic renewal, Putnam points to the burst in civic practices that occurred during and after World War II, which he says \"permanently marked\" the generation that lived through it and had a \"terrific effect on American public life over the last half-century.\" 3 If Americans can follow this example and channel their current civic

Economics of Information

Abstract: The author systematically examines one of the important issues of information — establishing the market price. He introduces the concept of «search» — where a buyer wanting to get a better price, is forced to question sellers. The article deals with various aspects of finding the necessary information.

Boundary-Work and the Demarcation of Science from Non-Science: Strains and Interests in Professional Ideologies of Scientists

Abstract: The demarcation of science from other intellectual activities-long an analytic problem for philosophers and sociologists-is here examined as a practical problem for scientists. Construction of a boundary between science and varieties of non-science is useful for scientists' pursuit of professional goals: acquisition of intellectual authority and career opportunities; denial of these resources to "pseudoscientists"; and protection of the autonomy of scientific research from political interference. "Boundary-work" describes an ideological style found in scientists' attempts to create a public image for science by contrasting it favorably to non-scientific intellectual or technical activities. Alternative sets of characteristics available for ideological attribution to science reflect ambivalences or strains within the institution: science can be made to look empirical or theoretical, pure or applied. However, selection of one or another description depends on which characteristics best achieve the demarcation in a way that justifies scientists' claims to authority or resources. Thus, "science" is no single thing: its boundaries are drawn and redrawn inflexible, historically changing and sometimes ambiguous ways.