David C. Fritts

TL;DR: In this article, a review of gravity wave sources and characteristics, the evolution of the gravity wave spectrum with altitude and with variations of wind and stability, the character and implications of observed climatologies, and the wave interaction and instability processes that constrain wave amplitudes and spectral shape are discussed.

TL;DR: A review of recent advances in the understanding of gravity wave saturation in the middle atmosphere can be found in this article, where a brief discussion of the studies leading to the identification of the gravity wave effects and their role in middle atmosphere dynamics is presented.

TL;DR: The Cooperative Atmosphere-Surface Exchange Study-1999 (CASES-99) refers to a field experiment carried out in southeast Kansas during October 1999 and the subsequent program of investigation as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, it was demonstrated that observed saturation spectra are not solely due to individually saturated waves but most likely result from amplitude limiting instabilities arising from wave superposition, and that, while the spectrum is saturated at large wavenumbers, the total kinetic energy per unit mass and the characteristic vertical wavelength increase with altitude.

TL;DR: In this article, the results of an analysis of gravity wave momentum fluxes in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, inferred using a dual-beam Doppler radar near Adelaide, Australia during June 1984 were presented.