Showing papers by "David Cameron published in 2003"
TL;DR: Exemestane is well tolerated and active in the first-line treatment of hormone-responsive MBC, and an ongoing EORTC phase III trial is comparing the efficacy, measuring time-to-disease progression, of exemstane and tamoxifen.
221 citations
TL;DR: The case notes of 750 women treated over a 15-year period at The Edinburgh Cancer Centre with the same intravenous CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil) regimen were reviewed, to identify patient- and treatment-related factors influencing outcome in routine practice.
Abstract: Despite the extensive literature clearly demonstrating the survival benefit for adjuvant chemotherapy in women with operable breast cancer, there are few data confirming this in routine practice. Some studies have suggested that not all women gain to the same extent, with older women showing a smaller benefit and lower doses achieving poorer outcomes. We therefore reviewed the case notes of 750 women treated over a 15-year period at The Edinburgh Cancer Centre with the same intravenous CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil) regimen, to identify patient- and treatment-related factors influencing outcome in routine practice.The actuarial 10-year survival for these women was 59.3%, with the anticipated poorer outcome for those with more involved ipsilateral axillary nodes, higher grade and ER-negative tumours. There was no evidence that a lower delivered dose intensity or older age at presentation resulted in a poorer survival. Of particular interest was the observation that 45% of patients who had grade 2/3 neutropenia had a 10% absolute survival advantage over those with no neutropenia (P<0.001). This strongly suggests that some degree of neutropenia has more influence on outcome than age or delivered dose intensity.
118 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that both letrozole and tamoxifen have marked influences on the pathological features of breast cancer during neoadjuvant therapy, however, the effects of the two agents varied such that the phenotypes of letroZole- and tamOxifen-treated tumours differ markedly.
72 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a saddle field neutral beam deposition system with acetylene as the process gas was used to etch diamond-like carbon (DLC) films on 316L stainless steel, and the adhesion of the films was measured using pull-off and Rockwell C tests.
Abstract: Stainless steel type 316L is a material widely used for medical implant purposes, for example, for artificial hips. To improve their wear resistance and biocompatibility, these implants are coated with various materials, in particular diamond-like carbon (DLC). It is known that numerous parameters have an influence on coating adhesion including stress in the film, contamination and chemical bonding between the film and the substrate, and the physical properties and roughness of the substrate. DLC films have been deposited on to substrates of 316L stainless steel using a saddle field neutral beam deposition system with acetylene as the process gas. The adhesion of the films has been measured as a function of the duration of in situ etching by a neutral argon beam on DLC films with thickness ∼0.4 μm. It was measured using pull-off and Rockwell C tests. Argon pre-etching for 15 min is recommended to guarantee an optimal adhesion. The relationship between etching time and film adhesion, structure and stress was investigated. It was found that the adhesion was maximised with an etching period of 15 min and that the etching process also influenced the film structure in terms of the sp2/sp3 bonding ratio and stress. The nature of the surface oxide after etching was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and it was found that the adhesion is correlated with a change in the structure and thickness of the native oxide layer on the surface of the steel, being greatest when the surface oxide was nickel-rich.
70 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a saddle field source neutral beam deposition system was used for diamond-like carbon (DLC) deposition on medical implant grade 316L stainless steel substrates using a saddle-field source neutralbeam deposition system.
57 citations
TL;DR: A brief review of the current state of knowledge about carbon nitride properties can be found in this article, where the authors try to extract some generally applicable results from the span of those which have been reported.
Abstract: Since it was postulated in the mid-1980s, carbon nitride has seen most effort focussed on its mechanical properties because of its predicted hardness, unusual Poisson's ratio, etc. Far less work has been carried out on the optical and electronic characteristics. This paper gives a brief review of the current state of knowledge about them and tries to extract some generally applicable results from the span of those which have been reported. One of the main difficulties in this is the vast range of different compositions and structures, which can be produced, many of which give rise to conflicting conclusions about the effect of the nitrogen in the carbon matrix. An outline of the major effects on conductivity and optical gap is given and details of some of the proposed uses in the optoelectronics area are summarised.
35 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: Diana Bosio, James Casey, Akos Frohner, Leanne Guy, Peter Kunszt, Erwin Laure, Sophie Lemaitre, Levi Lucio, Heinz Stockinger, Kurt Stockinger CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
Abstract: We describe the architecture and initial implementation of the next-generation of Grid Data Management Middleware in the EU DataGrid (EDG) project.
The new architecture stems out of our experience and the users requirements gathered during the two years of running our initial set of Grid Data Management Services. All of our new services are based on the Web Service technology paradigm, very much in line with the emerging Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA). We have modularized our components and invested a great amount of effort towards a secure, extensible and robust service, starting from the design but also using a streamlined build and testing framework.
Our service components are: Replica Location Service, Replica Metadata Service, Replica Optimization Service, Replica Subscription and high-level replica management. The service security infrastructure is fully GSI-enabled, hence compatible with the existing Globus Toolkit 2-based services; moreover, it allows for fine-grained authorization mechanisms that can be adjusted depending on the service semantics.
27 citations
TL;DR: The saddle field neutral beam process is one of the most promising coating processes used for the production of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films as discussed by the authors, and it is known that numerous parameters have an influence on coating adhesion including stress in the film, contamination and chemical bonding between the film and the substrate, and physical properties and roughness of the substrate.
Abstract: The saddle field neutral beam process is one of the most promising coating processes used for the production of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films. The films are deposited from a beam of energetic, largely neutral molecules obtained from a source gas of acetylene. For surgical implant uses, the films are deposited on substrates of the principal orthopaedic metal alloys: 316L stainless steel, CoCr and Ti6Al4V. Of paramount importance in these applications is the adhesion of the films. It is known that numerous parameters have an influence on coating adhesion including stress in the film, contamination and chemical bonding between the film and the substrate, and the physical properties and roughness of the substrate. The adhesion of the films has been measured as a function of the duration of in situ etching by a neutral argon beam. The studies were performed on DLC films with thickness ∼0.35 μm. Adhesion was measured using the pull-off and Rockwell C tests. Optimal adhesion was obtained for a limited range of argon etch times; longer or shorter times showed reduced adhesion. The relationship between etching time, adhesion and film structure (sp 3 content) was investigated. The effects of substrate temperature during etching and deposition on the adhesion and film structure were investigated.
24 citations
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: Hahkala et al. as mentioned in this paper presented an analysis of the stockinger model in the context of nuclear power and showed that the Stockinger model can be used for nuclear power research.
Abstract: Diana Bosio, James Casey, Akos Frohner, Leanne Guy, Peter Kunszt, Erwin Laure, Sophie Lemaitre, Levi Lucio, Heinz Stockinger, Kurt Stockinger CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland William Bell, David Cameron, Gavin McCance, Paul Millar University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland Joni Hahkala, Niklas Karlsson, Ville Nenonen, Mika Silander Helsinki Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Olle Mulmo, Gian-Luca Volpato Swedish Research Council, SE-103 78 Stockholm, Sweden Giuseppe Andronico INFN Catania, Via S. Sofia, 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy Federico DiCarlo INFN Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 2, I-00185 Roma, Italy Livio Salconi INFN Pisa, via F. Buonarroti 2, I-56127 Pisa, Italy Andrea Domenici DIIEIT, via Diotisalvi, 2, I-56122 Pisa, Italy Ruben Carvajal-Schiaffino, Floriano Zini ITC-irst, via Sommarive 18, 38050 Povo, Trento, Italy
16 citations
TL;DR: Based on studies, zoledronic acid appears to be active in patients with bone metastases irrespective of tumor type, and should be considered as the standard of care for the treatment ofBone metastases.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a saddle source neutral beam system was used to deposit hard carbon films on implant-grade 316L stainless steel and the properties of the films in terms of hardness, intrinsic stress, adhesion and sp 3 content have been investigated as a function of source current, system pressure and process gas mixture.
Abstract: Hard carbon films have been deposited on implant-grade 316L stainless steel using a saddle source neutral beam system. The properties of the films in terms of hardness, intrinsic stress, adhesion and sp 3 content have been investigated as a function of source current, system pressure and process gas mixture. It has been found that there is a strong correlation between the intrinsic stress and the sp 3 content, as measured by Raman spectroscopy whereas there is little variation in hardness. The adhesion, as measured by the pull-off test is inversely proportional to the intrinsic stress. The source current has a significant effect on film stress and sp 3 content.
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: Hahkala et al. as discussed by the authors presented an analysis of the stockinger model in the context of nuclear power and showed that the Stockinger model can be used for nuclear power research.
Abstract: Diana Bosio, James Casey, Akos Frohner, Leanne Guy, Peter Kunszt, Erwin Laure, Sophie Lemaitre, Levi Lucio, Heinz Stockinger, Kurt Stockinger CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland William Bell, David Cameron, Gavin McCance, Paul Millar University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland Joni Hahkala, Niklas Karlsson, Ville Nenonen, Mika Silander Helsinki Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Olle Mulmo, Gian-Luca Volpato Swedish Research Council, SE-103 78 Stockholm, Sweden Giuseppe Andronico INFN Catania, Via S. Sofia, 64, I-95123 Catania, Italy Federico DiCarlo INFN Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 2, I-00185 Roma, Italy Livio Salconi INFN Pisa, via F. Buonarroti 2, I-56127 Pisa, Italy Andrea Domenici DIIEIT, via Diotisalvi, 2, I-56122 Pisa, Italy Ruben Carvajal-Schiaffino, Floriano Zini ITC-irst, via Sommarive 18, 38050 Povo, Trento, Italy
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Zoledronic acid, with an imidazole substituent containing two nitrogen atoms, has been shown to be the most potent bisphosphonate in several in vitro and in vivo assays of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption.
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: The reviewer does not feel that the data support the universal use of this additional adjuvant therapy, but confirms the results of one prior study and the generally held view that bisphosphonates could be advantageous.
Abstract: This commentary discusses the report by Trevor Powles and colleagues on their double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial of 2 years' adjuvant oral clodronate. Although the reported survival benefit in the clodronate-treated group confirms the results of one prior study as well as the generally held view that bisphosphonates could be advantageous, the reviewer does not feel that the data support the universal use of this additional adjuvant therapy.
17 Mar 2003
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison of the spectra using PL, CL and EL has shown how theseexcitation methods can be used to quantify the electroluminescence produced by the zinc sulphide.
Abstract: Thin film electroluminescent (TFEL) display structures have been produced by sol-gel technology, with the active layercomprising doped zinc sulphide films produced by the sulphidation of sol-gel deposited zinc oxide thin films. Theluminescent properties of display structures using manganese-doped zinc sulphide, which has a strong orange emissiondue to the Mn 2+ 4 T 1 ( 4 G) 6 A 1 ( 6 S) transitions have been investigated using photoluminescence (PL),cathodoluminescence (CL), and electroluminescence (EL) and the correlation between the luminescence produced bythe various methods has been studied. A comparison of the spectra using PL, CL and EL has shown how theseexcitation methods can be used to quantify the electroluminescence produced by the zinc sulphide. The effects of theinteraction between the insulating layer and the emission layer have also been studied.Keywords: zinc sulphide, thin film electroluminescence, sol-gel, cathodoluminescence, photoluminescence 1. INTRODUCTION