Showing papers by "David Cohen published in 2018"
Verneri Anttila1, Verneri Anttila2, Brendan Bulik-Sullivan1, Brendan Bulik-Sullivan2 +717 more•Institutions (270)
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that, in the general population, the personality trait neuroticism is significantly correlated with almost every psychiatric disorder and migraine, and it is shown that both psychiatric and neurological disorders have robust correlations with cognitive and personality measures.
Abstract: Disorders of the brain can exhibit considerable epidemiological comorbidity and often share symptoms, provoking debate about their etiologic overlap. We quantified the genetic sharing of 25 brain disorders from genome-wide association studies of 265,218 patients and 784,643 control participants and assessed their relationship to 17 phenotypes from 1,191,588 individuals. Psychiatric disorders share common variant risk, whereas neurological disorders appear more distinct from one another and from the psychiatric disorders. We also identified significant sharing between disorders and a number of brain phenotypes, including cognitive measures. Further, we conducted simulations to explore how statistical power, diagnostic misclassification, and phenotypic heterogeneity affect genetic correlations. These results highlight the importance of common genetic variation as a risk factor for brain disorders and the value of heritability-based methods in understanding their etiology.
1,357 citations
TL;DR: For the first time, specific loci that distinguish between BD and SCZ are discovered and polygenic components underlying multiple symptom dimensions are identified that point to the utility of genetics to inform symptomology and potential treatment.
569 citations
TL;DR: The profiles of the European adolescents and young adults who have embraced the cause of radical Islamism are deciphered to define the role of psychiatry in dealing with this issue and a comprehensive three-level model is developed to explain the phenomenon of radicalisation among young Europeans.
80 citations
TL;DR: A methodology for analyzing multimodal stress detection results by taking into account the variety of stress assessments is introduced and it is argued that a multiple assessment approach provide more robust results.
Abstract: Stress is a complex phenomenon that impacts the body and the mind at several levels. It has been studied for more than a century from different perspectives, which result in different definitions and different ways to assess the presence of stress. This paper introduces a methodology for analyzing multimodal stress detection results by taking into account the variety of stress assessments. As a first step, we have collected video, depth and physiological data from 25 subjects in a stressful situation: a socially evaluated mental arithmetic test. As a second step, we have acquired three different assessments of stress: self-assessment, assessments from external observers and assessment from a physiology expert. Finally, we extract 101 behavioural and physiological features and evaluate their predictive power for the three collected assessments using a classification task. Using multimodal features, we obtain average F1 scores up to 0.85. By investigating the composition of the best selected feature subsets and the individual feature classification performances, we show that several features provide valuable information for the classification of the three assessments: features related to body movement, blood volume pulse and heart rate. From a methodological point of view, we argue that a multiple assessment approach provide more robust results.
67 citations
TL;DR: The need to study autism phenotype and developmental trajectory through a multidimensional, non‐categorical approach with multivariate analyses within autism spectrum disorder but also across mental disorders, and to conduct systematically clinical genetic examination searching for genetic disorders in all individuals (children but also adults) with autism is highlighted.
51 citations
TL;DR: Despite similar early-peaking (<1 day post-procedure) neurological risk profiles, SAVR is associated with a higher risk of early major stroke than TF-TAVR, and periprocedural strategies are needed to reduce stroke risk after aortic valve procedures.
48 citations
TL;DR: The study found no apparent sex-specific differences in survival or stroke in this trial of TAVR, which may reflect the changing demographic of patients enrolled, use of newer-generation valves with more sizes available, and more accurate valve sizing techniques.
Abstract: Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify sex-specific outcomes of intermediate risk patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement with the SAPIEN 3 valve. Background A survival difference has been observed in women as compared with men in inoperable and high-risk patients receiving early-generation balloon-expandable valves for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Whether a sex-specific outcome difference persists with newer-generation valves and in lower-risk patients is unknown. Methods The PARTNER (Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valves) II S3 trial included high-risk (HR) (Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk score >8% or heart team determination) and intermediate-risk (IR) (Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk score 4% to 8% or heart team determination) patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis who were treated with TAVR with the SAPIEN 3 valve. Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes at 30 days and 1 year were compared by sex. Results Between October 2013 and December 2014, 1,661 patients were enrolled: 583 were HR (338 men, 245 women) and 1,078 were IR (666 men, 412 women). In both cohorts, women were more likely than men to be frail (22% vs. 13%; p Conclusions The study found no apparent sex-specific differences in survival or stroke in this trial of TAVR. This may reflect the changing demographic of patients enrolled, use of newer-generation valves with more sizes available, and more accurate valve sizing techniques.
44 citations
TL;DR: It is discussed how new biotechnical advances, whether in gender transition or procreation, could create new ways to conceive a child possible and how these new ways for persons to self-actualize and to experience parenthood can improve the condition of transgender persons.
Abstract: Today, thanks to biomedical technologies advances, some persons with fertility issues can conceive. Transgender persons benefit also from these advances and can not only actualize their self-identified sexual identities but also experience parenthood. Based on clinical multidisciplinary seminars that gathered child psychiatrists and psychoanalysts interested in the fields of assisted reproduction technology (ART) and gender dysphoria, philosophers interested in bioethics, biologists interested in ART, and endocrinologists interested in pubertal suppression, we explore how new biotechnical advances, whether in gender transition or procreation, could create new ways to conceive a child possible. After reviewing the various medical/surgical techniques for physical gender transition and the current ART options, we discuss how these new ways for persons to self-actualize and to experience parenthood can not only improve the condition of transgender persons (and the human condition as a whole through greater equity) but also introduce some elements of change in the habitual patterns of thinking especially in France. Finally, we discuss the ethical issues that accompany the arrival of these children and provide creative solutions to help society handle, accept, and support the advances made in this area.
37 citations
TL;DR: Patients discharged with DAPT had a similar adjusted risk of mortality, stroke, and MI compared to antiplatelet monotherapy, although risk for bleeding was significantly higher and practice patterns varied significantly among hospitals.
32 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that facial emotion production is a complex developmental process influenced by several factors that needs to be acknowledged in future research.
Abstract: The production of facial expressions (FEs) is an important skill that allows children to share and adapt emotions with their relatives and peers during social interactions. These skills are impaired in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. However, the way in which typical children develop and master their production of FEs has still not been clearly assessed. This study aimed to explore factors that could influence the production of FEs in childhood such as age, gender, emotion subtype (sadness, anger, joy, and neutral), elicitation task (on request, imitation), area of recruitment (French Riviera and Parisian) and emotion multimodality. A total of one hundred fifty-seven children aged 6-11 years were enrolled in Nice and Paris, France. We asked them to produce FEs in two different tasks: imitation with an avatar model and production on request without a model. Results from a multivariate analysis revealed that: (1) children performed better with age. (2) Positive emotions were easier to produce than negative emotions. (3) Children produced better FE on request (as opposed to imitation); and (4) Riviera children performed better than Parisian children suggesting regional influences on emotion production. We conclude that facial emotion production is a complex developmental process influenced by several factors that needs to be acknowledged in future research.
30 citations
TL;DR: Risk prediction models that include frailty as identified in claims data can be used to predict long-term mortality risk after TAVR, and linkage to claims data may allow enhanced mortality risk prediction for studies that do not collect data.
Abstract: Background Prospectively collected frailty markers are associated with an incremental 1-year mortality risk after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) compared with comorbidities alone. Wh...
TL;DR: Interpersonal synchronization and motor coordination during ecological interaction show both subtle impairment in children with ASD as compared to children with TD or DCD, and questioned how motricity mature in terms of motor control and proprioception inChildren with ASD.
Abstract: Background: Impairments in imitation abilities have been commonly described in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). How motricity in interpersonal coordination impacts imitation, during long lasting semi-ecological conditions, has not been carefully investigated. Methods: Eighty-five children and adolescents (39 controls with typical development, TD; 29 patients with ASD; 17 patients with developmental coordination disorder, DCD), aged 6 to 20 years, participated to a behavioral paradigm in which participants, standing and moving, interacted with a virtual tightrope walker standing and moving as well. During the protocol, we measured automatically and continuously bodily postures and movements from RGB sensor recording to assess participants' behavioral imitation. Results: We show that (1) interpersonal synchronization (as evidenced by the synchrony between the participant's and the tightrope walker's bars) and (2) motor coordination (as evidenced by the synchrony between the participant's bar and its own head axis) increased with age and were more impaired in patients with ASD. Also, motor control as evidenced by the movement angle standard deviations of participants' bar and head were significantly impaired in ASD compared to TD or DCD. Conclusion: Interpersonal synchronization and motor coordination during ecological interaction show both subtle impairment in children with ASD as compared to children with TD or DCD. These results questioned how motricity mature in terms of motor control and proprioception in children with ASD.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated whether transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with the SAPIEN 3 valve (S3-TAVR), compared with previous-generation TAVR devices or SAVR.
Abstract: Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate whether transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with the SAPIEN 3 valve (S3-TAVR) results in improved quality of life (QoL) compared with previous-generation TAVR devices or surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Background In patients with severe aortic stenosis at intermediate surgical risk, TAVR using the SAPIEN XT valve (XT-TAVR) results in similar QoL compared with SAVR. Compared with SAPIEN XT, the SAPIEN 3 valve offers a lower delivery profile and modifications to reduce paravalvular regurgitation. Methods Between February and December 2014, 1,078 patients at intermediate surgical risk with severe aortic stenosis were treated with S3-TAVR in the PARTNER S3i (Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valve) trial. QoL was assessed at baseline, 1 month, and 1 year using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36, and EQ-5D. QoL outcomes of S3-TAVR patients were compared with those in the SAVR and XT-TAVR arms of the PARTNER 2A trial using propensity score stratification to adjust for differences between the treatment groups. Results Over 1 year, S3-TAVR was associated with substantial improvements in QoL compared with baseline. At 1 month, S3-TAVR was associated with better QoL than either SAVR or XT-TAVR (adjusted differences in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall summary score 15.6 and 3.7 points, respectively; p Conclusions Among patients at intermediate surgical risk with severe aortic stenosis, S3-TAVR resulted in improved QoL at both 1 month and 1 year compared with both XT-TAVR and SAVR.
TL;DR: Two large projects are described, namely, JEMImE and Michelangelo, as examples of current studies that are aimed at enhancing social skills in children with ASD by including novel algorithms with clinical insights in robots or serious games.
Abstract: Purpose of reviewOver the past 10 years, the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has increased in regard to the treatment of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). ICT support mechanisms (e.g. computers, laptops, robots) are particularly attractive and are adapted to
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai1, Dartmouth College2, New York University3, University of London4, Duke University5, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center6, Paris Diderot University7, Shaare Zedek Medical Center8, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center9, Memorial Hospital of South Bend10, University of Kentucky11, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University12
TL;DR: In this paper, patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience high rates of ischemic and bleeding events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), complicating decisions surrounding dual a...
Abstract: Background—Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience high rates of ischemic and bleeding events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), complicating decisions surrounding dual a...
TL;DR: A systematic review and network meta-analysis is conducted to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of various types of psychotherapies for PTSD in children and adolescents and to inform and guide the clinical management of PTSD inChildren and adolescents.
Abstract: Introduction Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common among children and adolescents who are exposed to trauma, and it is often associated with significant negative impacts on their psychosocial functioning and quality of life. Many types of psychotherapies have been found to be effective for PTSD in children and adolescents. However, due to the lack of direct comparisons between different psychotherapies, the hierarchy of treatment efficacy is still unclear. Therefore, we plan to conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of various types of psychotherapies for PTSD in children and adolescents. Methods and analysis A systematic search will be conducted among eight electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, Published International Literature on Traumatic Stress (PILOTS) and ProQuest Dissertations, from inception to October 2017. Randomised controlled trials, regardless of language, publication year and publication type, comparing any psychotherapies for PTSD to any control condition or alternative treatment in children and adolescents (18 years old or less) diagnosed with full or subclinical PTSD will be included. Study duration and the number of treatment sessions will not be limited. The primary outcome will be PTSD symptom severity at post-treatment as measured by a rating scale reported by the child, parent or a clinician. The secondary outcomes will include: (1) efficacy at follow-up; (2) acceptability (all-cause discontinuation); (3) anxiety symptom severity; (4) depressive symptom severity and (5) quality of life and functional improvement. Bayesian network meta-analyses for all relative outcome measures will be performed. We will conduct subgroup and sensitivity network meta-analyses to determine whether the findings are affected by study characteristics. The quality of the evidence contributing to network estimates of the primary outcome will be evaluated by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations framework. Ethics and dissemination No ethical issues are foreseen. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, which will be disseminated electronically and in print. This network meta-analysis may be updated to inform and guide the clinical management of PTSD in children and adolescents. PROSPERO registration number CRD42016051786.
TL;DR: Higher baseline absolute longitudinal strain is associated withHFrecEF among nonischemic cardiomyopathy patients with reduced EF and larger left ventricular dimensions and factors associated with achieving HFrecEF were specific to cardiac structure and indices of cardiac mechanics.
Abstract: Background Heart failure ( HF ) with "recovered" ejection fraction ( HF rec EF ) is an emerging phenotype, but no tools exist to predict ejection fraction ( EF ) recovery in acute HF . We hypothesized that indices of baseline cardiac structure and function predict HF rec EF in nonischemic cardiomyopathy and reduced EF . Methods and Results We identified a nonischemic cardiomyopathy cohort with EF 4.35 cm, higher absolute longitudinal strain (≥8%) was associated with HF rec EF (unadjusted odds ratio=3.9, 95% CI )confidence interval 1.2, 12.8). Incorporation of baseline indices of cardiac mechanics with clinical variables resulted in a predictive model for HF rec EF with c-statistic=0.85. Conclusions Factors associated with achieving HF rec EF were specific to cardiac structure and indices of cardiac mechanics. Higher baseline absolute longitudinal strain is associated with HF rec EF among nonischemic cardiomyopathy patients with reduced EF and larger left ventricular dimensions.
TL;DR: CD was not associated with an increased risk of stroke or mortality at 30 day or 1 year, and Post-TAVR stroke seems to be because of mechanisms other than CD.
Abstract: Background—Stroke is a serious complication of both transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and carotid artery disease (CD). The implications of CD in patients undergoing TAVR are unclear. Me...
TL;DR: The quantitative results show that infants, from the age of three months, actively participate to restore the interactive loop after communicative ruptures long before vocalizations show clear linguistic meaning, enhancing the mother–infant bond.
Abstract: Language has long been identified as a powerful communicative tool among humans. Yet, pre-linguistic communication, which is common in many species, is also used by human infants prior to the acquisition of language. The potential communicational value of pre-linguistic vocal interactions between human infants and mothers has been studied in the past decades. With 120 dyads (mothers and three- or six-month-old infants), we used the classical Still Face Paradigm (SFP) in which mothers interact freely with their infants, then refrain from communication (Still Face, SF), and finally resume play. We employed innovative automated techniques to measure infant and maternal vocalization and pause, and dyadic parameters (infant response to mother, joint silence and overlap) and the emotional component of Infant Directed Speech (e-IDS) throughout the interaction. We showed that: (i) during the initial free play mothers use longer vocalizations and more e-IDS when they interact with older infants and (ii) infant boys exhibit longer vocalizations and shorter pauses than girls. (iii) During the SF and reunion phases, infants show marked and sustained changes in vocalizations but their mothers do not and (iv) mother–infant dyadic parameters increase in the reunion phase. Our quantitative results show that infants, from the age of three months, actively participate to restore the interactive loop after communicative ruptures long before vocalizations show clear linguistic meaning. Thus, auditory signals provide from early in life a channel by which infants co-create interactions, enhancing the mother–infant bond.
TL;DR: The first systematic molecular genetic data for this syndrome is reported, among the 89 patients consecutively admitted for catatonia between 1993 and 2014, to identify 51 patients who had genetic laboratory testing and assess the causality of observed genetic findings.
Abstract: Pediatric catatonia is a rare and severe neuropsychiatric syndrome. We previously reported, in 58 children and adolescents with catatonia, a high prevalence (up to 20%) of medical conditions, some of which have specific treatments.1 Here we extend the cohort inclusion and report the first systematic molecular genetic data for this syndrome. Among the 89 patients consecutively admitted for catatonia (according to the pediatric catatonia rating scale)2 between 1993 and 2014, we identify 51 patients (57.3%) who had genetic laboratory testing, of whom 37 had single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray tests for CNVs and 14 had routine genetic explorations (karyotyping and searches for specific chromosomal abnormalities by fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH]) or a specific diagnosis test based on clinical history. To assess the causality of observed genetic findings in each patient, we used a causality assessment score (CAUS)3 including 5 causality-support criteria on a 3-point scale (0 = absent; 1 = moderate; 2 = high): the existence of similar cases in the literature; the presence of a clinical contributing factor; the presence of a biological contributing factor; the presence of other paraclinical symptoms; and response to a specific treatment related to the suspected genetic or medical condition.
TL;DR: Changing perspective in a spatial environment is possible for patients with ASD although delayed compared with TD children, and in patients with DCD, their visual-spatial impairments negatively modulated their performances in the experiment.
Abstract: Background: In motor imitation, taking a partner’s perspective often involves a mental body transformation from an embodied, ego-centered viewpoint, to a disembodied, hetero-centered viewpoint. Impairments of both own-body-transformation (OBT) and abnormalities in visual spatial processing have been reported in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In the context of a visual-motor interactive task, studying OBT impairments while disentangling the contribution of visual spatial impairments associated with motor coordination problems has not been investigated. Methods: 85 children and adolescents (39 controls with typical development, TD; 29 patients with ASD; 17 patients with developmental coordination disorder, DCD), aged 6 to 19 years, participated in a behavioral paradigm in which participants interacted with a virtual tightrope walker (TW) standing and moving with him. The protocol enables to distinguish ego-centered and hetero-centered perspectives. Results: We show that (1) OBT was possible but difficult for children with neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as for TD children, when the task required the participant to perform a mental rotation in order to adopt a hetero-centered perspective (2) Using multivariate models, hetero-centered perspective score was significantly associated with age, TW orientation, latency and diagnosis. ASD and TD group’s performances were close and significantly correlated with age. It was not the case for DCD specifically handicapped by visual spatial impairments. (3) ASD and DCD did not perform similarly: motor performance as shown by movement amplitude was better in DCD than ASD. ASD motor response were more ambiguous and hardly readable. Conclusion: Changing perspective in a spatial environment is possible for patients with ASD although delayed compared with TD children. In patients with DCD their visual spatial impairments negatively modulated performances in the experiment.
TL;DR: The absence of any observed relationships between β-endorphin level and SIB or pain reactivity and the conflicting results of prior opioid studies in autism tend to undermine support for the opioid theory of autism.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE Autism and certain associated behaviors including self-injurious behaviors (SIB) and atypical pain reactivity have been hypothesized to result from excessive opioid activity. The objective of this study was to examine the relationships between SIB, pain reactivity, and β-endorphin levels in autism. METHODS Study participants were recruited between 2007 and 2012 from day care centers and included 74 children and adolescents diagnosed with autism (according to DSM-IV-TR, ICD-10, and CFTMEA) and intellectual disability. Behavioral pain reactivity and SIB were assessed in 3 observational situations (parents at home, 2 caregivers at day care center, a nurse and child psychiatrist during blood drawing) using validated quantitative and qualitative scales. Plasma β-endorphin concentrations were measured in 57 participants using 2 different immunoassay methods. RESULTS A high proportion of individuals with autism displayed SIB (50.0% and 70.3% according to parental and caregiver observation, respectively). The most frequent types of SIB were head banging and hand biting. An absence or decrease of overall behavioral pain reactivity was observed in 68.6% and 34.2% of individuals with autism according to parental and caregiver observation, respectively. Those individuals with hyporeactivity to daily life accidental painful stimuli displayed higher rates of self-biting (P < .01, parental evaluation). No significant correlations were observed between β-endorphin level and SIB or pain reactivity assessed in any of the 3 observational situations. CONCLUSIONS The absence of any observed relationships between β-endorphin level and SIB or pain reactivity and the conflicting results of prior opioid studies in autism tend to undermine support for the opioid theory of autism. New perspectives are discussed regarding the relationships found in this study between SIB and hyporeactivity to pain.
TL;DR: This work aimed to describe global practice patterns of unfractionated heparin (UFH) use for diagnostic transradial cardiac catheterization.
Abstract: Objectives We aimed to describe global practice patterns of unfractionated heparin (UFH) use for diagnostic transradial cardiac catheterization. Background The use of the radial artery approach for cardiac catheterization is increasing globally. Limited contemporary data exist to support the use or optimal dosing of UFH to prevent radial artery occlusion (RAO) and other thromboembolic complications. Methods We performed a web-based international survey of 450 interventional cardiologists from 34 countries. We collected information regarding the experience and use of UFH for diagnostic transradial cardiac catheterization. Results The survey was conducted between June and July 2016 and was completed by 227 (50.4%) interventional cardiologists. Overall, 83.3% performed >75% of their coronary angiograms via a radial approach, with the plurality (41.9%) having 10-20 years of clinical experience. Of all respondents, 7.5% did not use UFH for routine diagnostic transradial heart catheterization. Of the 92.5% who did use UFH, it was preferentially administered intra-arterially by 60% and intravenously by 40%. The majority (62.6%) of interventionalists used a fixed UFH dose with 5,000 IU being the most common dose (used in 48%). For those using a weight-based UFH (50 IU/kg) dosing regimen for diagnostic procedures (36.1%), the administered UFH dose ranged from 2,000 up to 10,000 IU. Conclusions Despite the lack of firm evidence, the majority of interventional cardiologists who participated in the survey use UFH to prevent RAO for diagnostic transradial coronary angiography. However, there exist large practice disparities with regards to dose and route of administration. Given this knowledge gap, a dedicated randomized trial is warranted.
TL;DR: Children who followed the 3i method for 2 years had significantly improved behavioural and developmental skills and showed a clear decrease in autism severity, suggesting that the3i method may be useful for autistic children by improving their daily interactions with their social environment.
Abstract: The outcomes of psycho-educational interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) comorbid with severe to moderate intellectual disability (ID) are insufficiently documented. In this prospective study, we examined a developmental individual, interactive and intensive approach, called the ‘3i method’, which is based on play therapy. Twenty DSM-IV-TR ASD subjects (mean chronological age 63.8 ± 37.8 months; mean developmental age 19.5 ± 6.6 months) were included and followed the 3i method for 24 months. Developmental and behavioural skills were assessed at baseline and after 24 months using the VABS, PEP-R and Nadel Imitation scale. Autism severity was evaluated using the Child Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and the Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI-R). After 2 years of the 3i method, our 3 primary outcome variables significantly increased (VABS developmental age of socialization increased by 83%, age of communication by 34%, and Nadel Imitation score by 53%). Almost all VABS and PEP-R domains significantly improved. Additionally, increases in the VABS socialization score were positively correlated with the total number of treatment hours and CARS score; all ADI-R areas significantly decreased; and diagnoses had changed in 47.5% of the subjects (37% for PDD-NOS and even 10.5% for ID without PDD). Children who followed the 3i method for 2 years had significantly improved behavioural and developmental skills and showed a clear decrease in autism severity. These results suggest that the 3i method may be useful for autistic children by improving their daily interactions with their social environment. was retrospectively registered on May 20th, 2014 by the French Agency for drug and health (ANSM) under number ID-RCB 2014-A00542–45, reference: B148558–31.
TL;DR: A review of diverse genetic disorders associated with autism is presented and for the first time discussed extensively with regard to possible common underlying mechanisms leading to a similar cognitive-behavioral phenotype of autism as discussed by the authors.
01 Sep 2018
TL;DR: The second edition of the Getting Down to Facts II study as discussed by the authors was published in 2007 and focused on four main areas related to state education policy: student success, governance, personnel, and funding.
Abstract: California school systems and lay the foundation for substantive conversations about what education policies should be sustained and what might be improved to ensure increased opportunity and success for all students in California in the decades ahead. Getting Down to Facts II follows approximately a decade after the first Getting Down to Facts effort in 2007. This technical report is one of 36 in the set of Getting Down to Facts II studies that cover four main areas related to state education policy: student success, governance, personnel, and funding. State Structures for Instructional Support in California Technical Report
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present les prises en charge effectuees au sein de la consultation specialisee de prevention de la radicalisation d’un service universitaire de psychiatrie de l’enfant et de l-adolescent.
Abstract: Resume Introduction Face a la menace terroriste, les professionnels de differents champs sont mobilises par le gouvernement francais afin de lutter contre le phenomene de radicalisation. L’objectif de ce travail est de presenter les prises en charge effectuees au sein de la consultation specialisee de prevention de la radicalisation d’un service universitaire de psychiatrie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent. Methodes Il s’agit d’une etude observationnelle descriptive retrospective. L’ensemble des cas signales a la consultation entre le 1er novembre 2015 et le 1er novembre 2017 ont ete inclus dans l’etude. Outre les donnees sociodemographiques, nous avons systematiquement recueillis les diagnostics retenus, les elements du contexte familial, le niveau de radicalisation effective du jeune, et son devenir a court terme (par exemple, en termes d’orientation). Resultats Au total, 34 sujets (56 % de sexe masculin) ont ete inclus sur une periode de deux ans. L’âge moyen etait de 15,4 ans (± 4,52). La prefecture de police etait la source principale d’adressage a la consultation. Suite a l’evaluation specialisee, 22,58 % des situations etaient considerees comme sans rapport avec la radicalisation, 48,39 % presentaient une vulnerabilite a la radicalisation et 29,03 % etaient des situations de radicalisation averee. Au total, 38,2 % des sujets souffraient d’une pathologie mentale de l’axe 1, se partageant a part egale en pathologie de type psychotique, d’une part, et trouble externalise du comportement, d’autre part. Les donnees qualitatives recueillies soulignent aussi l’importance des dysfonctionnements au sein des familles des jeunes impliques dans un processus de radicalisation. Discussion Cette etude met en evidence la multiplicite des facteurs de vulnerabilite ainsi que la complexite des mecanismes psychopathologiques en jeu dans le phenomene de radicalisation. Des recherches ulterieures sont necessaires, notamment pour evaluer l’efficacite des accompagnements.
01 Sep 2018
TL;DR: The second edition of the Getting Down to Facts II series as mentioned in this paper was published in 2007 and focused on four main areas related to state education policy: student success, governance, personnel, and funding.
Abstract: California school systems and lay the foundation for substantive conversations about what education policies should be sustained and what might be improved to ensure increased opportunity and success for all students in California in the decades ahead. Getting Down to Facts II follows approximately a decade after the first Getting Down to Facts effort in 2007. This technical report is one of 36 in the set of Getting Down to Facts II studies that cover four main areas related to state education policy: student success, governance, personnel, and funding. Frontlines Perspectives on Instructional Support in the Common Core Era Technical Report
01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a case-control design in which a sample of 136 adolescents who had attempted suicide was contrasted with 658 community controls, and the results of multiple logistic regressions showed that adolescents who attempted suicide reported elevated rates of both stressful life events and worries.
Abstract: Background: Suicide is the second leading causes of death among 15- to 19-years oldThe onset of adverse life events represent important proximal risk factors for suicidal beahviorsThe objectives of this study are to determine the patterns
Methods and Findings: This study used a case-control design in which a sample of 136 adolescents who had attempted suicide was contrasted with 658 community controls The measures included sociodemographic factors; the Adolescent Life Change Event Scale (ALCES), which is a self-administered questionnaire that explores the onset of stressful life events; and the State Worry Questionnaire (SWQ), which measures the level of worries across five distinct domains
According to the results of multiple logistic regressions, adolescents who had attempted suicide reported elevated rates of both stressful life events and worries Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that adolescents who had attempted suicide were more likely to have experienced three categories of life events were more specifically associated with suicidal attempt: (1) stressful life events related to one’s family characteristics (parental divorce/separation); (2) the disruption of an affective relationship (eg, a romantic break-up or the death of a close friend); or (3) legal or disciplinary problems (eg, school disciplinary problems or expulsion) These life events were associated with a definite increase in the total SWQ score, specifically on the SWQ “aimless future” subscale
Conclusions: This data indirectly confirms that a surge in adolescents’s level of worry is one of the mechanism by which a stressful life event could precipitate suicidal behaviors However, particular attention should be paid to the assessment of suicidality in context of disruptive disorders in adolescents, as the social consequences of these symptoms represent an important risk for suicidal behaviors, and moreover, irrespective of the level of worry
TL;DR: In patients undergoing transapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement, a multimodal pain management strategy incorporating intravenous acetaminophen was associated with reductions in narcotic use on the day of surgery and overall length of stay.
Abstract: ObjectiveComplications with opioid-based postoperative pain management have led to guideline recommendations for a multimodal analgesia strategy incorporating nonopioid agents. We evaluated the opi...