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David Deane

Bio: David Deane is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Virus & Antigen. The author has an hindex of 17, co-authored 31 publications receiving 810 citations.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: GIF expression by orf virus indicates that GM-CSF and IL-2 are important in host antiviral immunity.
Abstract: The parapoxvirus orf virus encodes a novel soluble protein inhibitor of ovine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-2 (IL-2). The GM-CSF- and IL-2-inhibitory factor (GIF) gene was expressed as an intermediate-late viral gene in orf virus-infected cells. GIF formed homodimers and tetramers in solution, and it bound ovine GM-CSF with a Kd of 369 pM and ovine IL-2 with a Kd of 1.04 nM. GIF did not bind human GM-CSF or IL-2 in spite of the fact that orf virus is a human pathogen. GIF was detected in afferent lymph plasma draining the skin site of orf virus reinfection and was associated with reduced levels of lymph GM-CSF. GIF expression by orf virus indicates that GM-CSF and IL-2 are important in host antiviral immunity.

133 citations

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TL;DR: Cell surface epitopes considered to be sensitive to processing methods were successfully demonstrated by a procedure that included the use of a non-aldehyde-containing, zinc salts-based fixative, coupled with a sensitive system of immunolabelling.

89 citations

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TL;DR: The local immune and inflammatory response in skin and the cell phenotype and cytokine response in lymph analysed around a single lymph node are characteristic of an anti-viral response.
Abstract: Orf virus is a zoonotic, epitheliotropic DNA parapox virus that principally infects sheep and goats The fact that the virus can repeatedly reinfect sheep has provoked an interest in the underlying cellular, virological and molecular mechanisms for its apparent escape from the host protective immune response The local immune and inflammatory response in skin and the cell phenotype and cytokine response in lymph analysed around a single lymph node are characteristic of an anti-viral response An unusual feature is the dense accumulation of MHC Class II+ dendritic cells in the skin lesion The function of these cells is not known Orf virus virulence genes and activities have been identified that may interfere with the development of the host protective immune and inflammatory response

54 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
18 Aug 2008-Vaccine
TL;DR: Protection was associated with high levels of neutralising antibody in nasal secretions and viral DNA was detected in the blood and in lymph nodes of all animals with MCF.

49 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was concluded that Ile(87) is not essential for IL-10 immuno-stimulatory activity, as ovil-10 and orfvIL-10 have a similar structure to huIL- 10 and conserved receptor-binding residues, and this might explain why orf virus has evolved a viral IL- 10.

43 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These cytokines have significant roles in a variety of pathophysiological processes as well as in regulation of the immune system and further investigation of these critical intercellular signaling molecules will provide important information to enable these proteins to be used more extensively in therapy for a range of diseases.
Abstract: ▪ Abstract The Class 2 α-helical cytokines consist of interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24 (Mda-7), and IL-26, interferons (IFN-α, -β, -ɛ, -κ, -ω, -δ, -τ, and -γ) and interferon-like molecules (limitin, IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29). The interaction of these cytokines with their specific receptor molecules initiates a broad and varied array of signals that induce cellular antiviral states, modulate inflammatory responses, inhibit or stimulate cell growth, produce or inhibit apoptosis, and affect many immune mechanisms. The information derived from crystal structures and molecular evolution has led to progress in the analysis of the molecular mechanisms initiating their biological activities. These cytokines have significant roles in a variety of pathophysiological processes as well as in regulation of the immune system. Further investigation of these critical intercellular signaling molecules will provide important information to enable these proteins to be used more extensively in therapy for ...

1,106 citations

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TL;DR: Because of their anti-inflammatory nature, many of these poxvirus proteins hold promise as potential therapeutic agents for acute or chronic inflammatory conditions.
Abstract: Large DNA viruses defend against hostile assault executed by the host immune system by producing an array of gene products that systematically sabotage key components of the inflammatory response. Poxviruses target many of the primary mediators of innate immunity including interferons, tumor necrosis factors, interleukins, complement, and chemokines. Poxviruses also manipulate a variety of intracellular signal transduction pathways such as the apoptotic response. Many of the poxvirus genes that disrupt these pathways have been hijacked directly from the host immune system, while others have demonstrated no clear resemblance to any known host genes. Nonetheless, the immunological targets and the diversity of strategies used by poxviruses to disrupt these host pathways have provided important insights into diverse aspects of immunology, virology, and inflammation. Furthermore, because of their anti-inflammatory nature, many of these poxvirus proteins hold promise as potential therapeutic agents for acute or chronic inflammatory conditions.

596 citations

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TL;DR: The authors' knowledge of viral gene functions must be integrated into virus–host interaction networks to understand viral pathogenesis, and could lead to new anti-viral strategies and the ability to exploit viral functions as tools in medicine.

584 citations

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TL;DR: The study of viral immunomodulatory proteins might help to uncover new human genes that control immunity, and their characterization will increase the understanding of not only viral pathogenesis, but also normal immune mechanisms.
Abstract: Viruses have evolved elegant mechanisms to evade detection and destruction by the host immune system. One of the evasion strategies that have been adopted by large DNA viruses is to encode homologues of cytokines, chemokines and their receptors — molecules that have a crucial role in control of the immune response. Viruses have captured host genes or evolved genes to target specific immune pathways, and so viral genomes can be regarded as repositories of important information about immune processes, offering us a viral view of the host immune system. The study of viral immunomodulatory proteins might help us to uncover new human genes that control immunity, and their characterization will increase our understanding of not only viral pathogenesis, but also normal immune mechanisms. Moreover, viral proteins indicate strategies of immune modulation that might have therapeutic potential.

540 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors' knowledge of viral gene functions must be integrated into virus–host interaction networks to understand viral pathogenesis, and could lead to new anti-viral strategies and the ability to exploit viral functions as tools in medicine.

483 citations