Author
David H. Muljono
Other affiliations: Hasanuddin University, AREA Science Park, University of Sydney
Bio: David H. Muljono is an academic researcher from Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Hepatitis B virus & HBsAg. The author has an hindex of 17, co-authored 38 publications receiving 2449 citations. Previous affiliations of David H. Muljono include Hasanuddin University & AREA Science Park.
Topics: Hepatitis B virus, HBsAg, Hepatitis B, Population, HBeAg
Papers
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TL;DR: The global estimate of viraemic HCV infections is lower than previous estimates, largely due to more recent prevalence estimates in Africa, and increased mortality due to liver-related causes and an ageing population may have contributed to a reduction in infections.
1,578 citations
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Yonsei University1, University of Indonesia2, Aga Khan University3, University of Tartu4, Alfaisal University5, Ziauddin University6, Dubai Health Authority7, Shaikh Zayed Hospital8, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences9, King Saud University10, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences11, American University of Beirut12, Sungkyunkwan University13, University of Balamand14, University of Peshawar15, Khyber Medical University16, Reykjavík University17, RMIT University18, University of Ljubljana19, La Trobe University20, University of New South Wales21, University of Pécs22, University Medical Center Rizk Hospital23, University of Iceland24, Soonchunhyang University25, Cleveland Clinic26, Vilnius University27, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University28, University of Ulsan29, Tehran University of Medical Sciences30, Aims Community College31, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology32, University of Sydney33, Memorial Hospital of South Bend34, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics35, Military Hospital36, Saint Joseph's University37, Allama Iqbal Medical College38, Hiroshima University39, Lahore General Hospital40, Holy Family Hospital41, Rawalpindi Medical College42, Dow Medical College43
TL;DR: The current treatment rate and efficacy are not sufficient to manage the disease burden of hepatitis C virus and alternative strategies are required to keep the number of HCV individuals with advanced liver disease and liver‐related deaths from increasing.
Abstract: The disease burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is expected to increase as the infected population ages. A modelling approach was used to estimate the total number of viremic infections, diagnosed, treated and new infections in 2013. In addition, the model was used to estimate the change in the total number of HCV infections, the disease progression and mortality in 2013-2030. Finally, expert panel consensus was used to capture current treatment practices in each country. Using today's treatment paradigm, the total number of HCV infections is projected to decline or remain flat in all countries studied. However, in the same time period, the number of individuals with late-stage liver disease is projected to increase. This study concluded that the current treatment rate and efficacy are not sufficient to manage the disease burden of HCV. Thus, alternative strategies are required to keep the number of HCV individuals with advanced liver disease and liver-related deaths from increasing.
463 citations
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University of Sydney1, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University2, Ehime University3, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences4, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology5, University of Tokyo6, Chiba University7, Yonsei University8, Aga Khan University9, University Health System10, National University of Singapore11, South Korean Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs12, Academia Sinica13, National Taiwan University14
TL;DR: Efforts to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat, together with the rapid increase in per-capita alcohol consumption in countries and the epidemic of obesity, are expected to change the spectrum of liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region in the near future.
284 citations
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TL;DR: In this article , a literature review, Delphi process, and mathematical modelling were used to estimate hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence (viraemic infection, defined as HCV RNA-positive cases) and the cascade of care among people of all ages (age ≥ 0 years from birth) for the period between Jan 1, 2015 and Dec 31, 2030.
156 citations
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King Saud University1, Ljubljana University Medical Centre2, La Trobe University3, University of New South Wales4, Vilnius University5, Yonsei University6, University of Pécs7, Alfaisal University8, Ziauddin University9, Dubai Health Authority10, Shaikh Zayed Hospital11, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences12, American University of Beirut13, Samsung Medical Center14, University of Indonesia15, University of Balamand16, Lady Reading Hospital17, Khyber Medical University18, Reykjavík University19, RMIT University20, Aga Khan University21, University Medical Center Rizk Hospital22, University of Iceland23, Soonchunhyang University24, Cleveland Clinic25, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University26, University of Ulsan27, Tartu University Hospital28, Tehran University of Medical Sciences29, Aims Community College30, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology31, University of Sydney32, Memorial Hospital of South Bend33, Pakistan Medical Research Council34, Saint Joseph's University35, Allama Iqbal Medical College36, Hiroshima University37, Lahore General Hospital38, Rawalpindi Medical College39, Holy Family Hospital40, Dow Medical College41
TL;DR: A 90% reduction in total HCV infections within 15 years is feasible in most countries studied, but it required a coordinated effort to introduce harm reduction programmes to reduce new infections, screening to identify those already infected and treatment with high cure rate therapies.
Abstract: The hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic was forecasted through 2030 for 15 countries in Europe, the Middle East and Asia, and the relative impact of two scenarios was considered: increased treatment efficacy while holding the annual number of treated patients constant and increased treatment efficacy and an increased annual number of treated patients. Increasing levels of diagnosis and treatment, in combination with improved treatment efficacy, were critical for achieving substantial reductions in disease burden. A 90% reduction in total HCV infections within 15 years is feasible in most countries studied, but it required a coordinated effort to introduce harm reduction programmes to reduce new infections, screening to identify those already infected and treatment with high cure rate therapies. This suggests that increased capacity for screening and treatment will be critical in many countries. Birth cohort screening is a helpful tool for maximizing resources. Among European countries, the majority of patients were born between 1940 and 1985. A wider range of birth cohorts was seen in the Middle East and Asia (between 1925 and 1995).
95 citations
Cited by
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TL;DR: The optimal management of patients with acute and chronic HCV infections in 2018 and onwards is described, as well as developments in diagnostic procedures and improvements in therapy and prevention.
2,491 citations
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TL;DR: FastTree as mentioned in this paper uses sequence profiles of internal nodes in the tree to implement neighbor-joining and uses heuristics to quickly identify candidate joins, then uses nearest-neighbor interchanges to reduce the length of the tree.
Abstract: Gene families are growing rapidly, but standard methods for inferring phylogenies do not scale to alignments with over 10,000 sequences. We present FastTree, a method for constructing large phylogenies and for estimating their reliability. Instead of storing a distance matrix, FastTree stores sequence profiles of internal nodes in the tree. FastTree uses these profiles to implement neighbor-joining and uses heuristics to quickly identify candidate joins. FastTree then uses nearest-neighbor interchanges to reduce the length of the tree. For an alignment with N sequences, L sites, and a different characters, a distance matrix requires O(N^2) space and O(N^2 L) time, but FastTree requires just O( NLa + N sqrt(N) ) memory and O( N sqrt(N) log(N) L a ) time. To estimate the tree's reliability, FastTree uses local bootstrapping, which gives another 100-fold speedup over a distance matrix. For example, FastTree computed a tree and support values for 158,022 distinct 16S ribosomal RNAs in 17 hours and 2.4 gigabytes of memory. Just computing pairwise Jukes-Cantor distances and storing them, without inferring a tree or bootstrapping, would require 17 hours and 50 gigabytes of memory. In simulations, FastTree was slightly more accurate than neighbor joining, BIONJ, or FastME; on genuine alignments, FastTree's topologies had higher likelihoods. FastTree is available at http://microbesonline.org/fasttree.
2,436 citations
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TL;DR: This work discusses biomarkers for anti-PD1 therapy based on immunological, genetic and virological criteria and suggests mechanism-based insights from such studies may guide the design of synergistic treatment combinations based on immune checkpoint blockade.
Abstract: With recent approvals for multiple therapeutic antibodies that block cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) in melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and kidney cancer, and additional immune checkpoints being targeted clinically, many questions still remain regarding the optimal use of drugs that block these checkpoint pathways. Defining biomarkers that predict therapeutic effects and adverse events is a crucial mandate, highlighted by recent approvals for two PDL1 diagnostic tests. Here, we discuss biomarkers for anti-PD1 therapy based on immunological, genetic and virological criteria. The unique biology of the CTLA4 immune checkpoint, compared with PD1, requires a different approach to biomarker development. Mechanism-based insights from such studies may guide the design of synergistic treatment combinations based on immune checkpoint blockade.
1,901 citations
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TL;DR: The global prevalence of viral hepatitis remains high, while drug-induced liver injury continues to increase as a major cause of acute hepatitis.
1,799 citations