Data Mining Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/201/4359/899.2.full.pdf

Phenomenology of perception.

Considerable scientific and technological efforts have been devoted to develop neuroprostheses and hybrid bionic systems that link the human nervous system with electronic or robotic prostheses, with the main aim of restoring motor and sensory functions in disabled patients. A number of neuroprostheses use interfaces with peripheral nerves or muscles for neuromuscular stimulation and signal recording. Herein, we provide a critical overview of the peripheral interfaces available and trace their use from research to clinical application in controlling artificial and robotic prostheses. The first section reviews the different types of non-invasive and invasive electrodes, which include surface and muscular electrodes that can record EMG signals from and stimulate the underlying or implanted muscles. Extraneural electrodes, such as cuff and epineurial electrodes, provide simultaneous interface with many axons in the nerve, whereas intrafascicular, penetrating, and regenerative electrodes may contact small groups of axons within a nerve fascicle. Biological, technological, and material science issues are also reviewed relative to the problems of electrode design and tissue injury. The last section reviews different strate- gies for the use of information recorded from peripheral interfaces and the current state of control neuroprostheses and hybrid bionic systems.

A critical review of interfaces with the peripheral nervous system for the control of neuroprostheses and hybrid bionic systems

Performance testing is one of the most common and important measures used in sports science and physiology. Performance tests allow for a controlled simulation of sports and exercise performance for research or applied science purposes. There are three factors that contribute to a good performance test: (i) validity; (ii) reliability; and (iii) sensitivity. A valid protocol is one that resembles the performance that is being simulated as closely as possible. When investigating race-type events, the two most common protocols are time to exhaustion and time trials. Time trials have greater validity than time to exhaustion because they provide a good physiological simulation of actual performance and correlate with actual performance. Sports such as soccer are more difficult to simulate. While shuttle-running protocols such as the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test may simulate physiology of soccer using time to exhaustion or distance covered, it is not a valid measure of soccer performance. There is a need to include measures of skill in such protocols. Reliability is the variation of a protocol. Research has shown that time-to-exhaustion protocols have a coefficient of variation (CV) of >10%, whereas time trials are more reliable as they have been shown to have a CV of <5%. A sensitive protocol is one that is able to detect small, but important, changes in performance. The difference between finishing first and second in a sporting event is <1%. Therefore, it is important to be able to detect small changes with performance protocols. A quantitative value of sensitivity may be accomplished through the signal : noise ratio, where the signal is the percentage improvement in performance and the noise is the CV.

Validity, Reliability and Sensitivity of Measures of Sporting Performance

The test-retest reliability of centre of pressure measures in bipedal static task conditions--a systematic review of the literature.

MCNAIR P. J., E. W. DOMBROSKI, D. J. HEWSON, and S. N. STANLEY. Stretching at the ankle joint: viscoelastic responses to holds and continuous passive motion. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 33, No. 3, 2000, pp. 354–358. Purpose:To compare the effect of static holds and continuous passive motion on sti

Stretching at the ankle joint: viscoelastic responses to holds and continuous passive motion.

HOPKINS, W. G., and D. J. HEWSON. Variability of competitive performance of distance runners. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 33, No. 9, 2001, pp. 1588–1592.PurposeThe typical variation in an athlete’s performance from race to race sets a benchmark for assessing the utility of performance tests and th

Variability of competitive performance of distance runners.

Evaluation of driver discomfort during long-duration car driving ☆

Background
The study of balance using stabilogram analysis is of particular interest in the study of falls. Although simple statistical parameters derived from the stabilogram have been shown to predict risk of falls, such measures offer little insight into the underlying control mechanisms responsible for degradation in balance. In contrast, fractal and non-linear time-series analysis of stabilograms, such as estimations of the Hurst exponent (H), may provide information related to the underlying motor control strategies governing postural stability. In order to be adapted for a home-based follow-up of balance, such methods need to be robust, regardless of the experimental protocol, while producing time-series that are as short as possible. The present study compares two methods of calculating H: Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) and Stabilogram Diffusion Analysis (SDA) for elderly and control subjects, as well as evaluating the effect of recording duration.

/pdf/fractal-time-series-analysis-of-postural-stability-in-17ss2bb5fm.pdf

Fractal time series analysis of postural stability in elderly and control subjects.

https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/20382/1/FullText.pdf

David J. Hewson

Papers

Stretching at the ankle joint: viscoelastic responses to holds and continuous passive motion.

Variability of competitive performance of distance runners.

Evaluation of driver discomfort during long-duration car driving ☆

Fractal time series analysis of postural stability in elderly and control subjects.

Sitting Time and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis