David J. Williams

Bio: David J. Williams is an academic researcher from Eastman Kodak Company. The author has contributed to research in topics: Waveguide (optics) & Electromagnetic radiation. The author has an hindex of 19, co-authored 46 publications receiving 5091 citations.

Introduction to Nonlinear Optical Effects in Molecules and Polymers

Abstract: Basis and Formulation of Nonlinear Optics Origin of Microscopic Nonlinearity in Organic Systems Bulk Nonlinear Optical Susceptiblity Second Order Nonlinear Optical Processes Measurement Techniques for Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Effects A Survey of Second Order Nonlinear Optical Materials Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Processes Measurement Techniques for Third-Order Effects A Survey of Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Materials Nonlinear Optics in Optical Waveguides and Fibers Device Conepts Issues and Future Directions.

Organic Polymeric and Non-Polymeric Materials with Large Optical Nonlinearities

Abstract: Nonlinear optical properties are a sensitive probe of the electronic and solid-state structure of organic compounds and as a consequence find various applications in many areas of optoelectronics including optical communications, laser scanning and control functions, and integrated optics technology. Because of their strongly delocalized π electronic systems, polymeric and non-polymeric aromatic compounds show highly nonlinear optical effects. Nowadays, polymer chemists are able to tailor specific materials properties for various applications. Some organic substances with π electronic systems exhibit the largest known nonlinear coefficients, often considerably larger than those of the more conventional inorganic dielectrics and semiconductors, and thus show promise for thin-film fabrication, allowing the enormous function and cost advantages of integrated electronic circuitry. The electronic origins of nonlinear optical effects in organic π electronic systems are reviewed, with special emphasis being given to second-order nonlinear optical effects. Methods for measuring nonlinear optical responses are outlined, and the critical relationships of the propagation characteristics of light to observed nonlinear optical effects and to solid-state structure are discussed. Finally, the synthesis and characterization of organic crystals and polymer films with large second-order optical nonlinearities are summarized.

Organic electroluminescent multicolor image display device

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent multicolor image display device is disclosed containing an image display array made up of a plurality of light emitting pixels arranged in intersecting files (rows and columns). Each pixel contains a light transmissive first electrode, an electroluminescent medium overlying the first electrode, and an overlying second electrode. The electrodes connect the pixels in an X-Y addressing pattern. The organic electroluminescent medium emits in the blue region of the spectrum. Each pixel is divided into at least two sub-pixels. The electrodes of one set of parallel files is divided into at least two laterally spaced elements each of which joins and forms a part of one sub-pixel of each pixel in the same file. A fluorescent medium capable of absorbing light emitted by the electroluminescent medium and emitting at a longer wavelength is positioned to receive emitted light from the first electrode means. The fluorescent medium is confined to only one of the sub-pixels of each pixel.

New sulfonyl-containing materials for nonlinear optics : semiempirical calculations, synthesis, and properties

Abstract: In this study the authors describe semiempirical calculations, synthesis, ground-state dipole moment measurements, and measurements of molecular second-order hyperpolarizability coefficients ({beta}) for new stilbene and azobenzene derivatives containing a methylsulfonyl group as the electron acceptor. They show that theoretical calculations can be used to predict the trends for molecular hyperpolarizabilities between similar compounds and that these gas-phase calculations underestimate {beta} values, probably as a result of the valence basis set used in the calculations. Whereas the sulfone group has been demonstrated to give molecular hyperpolarizabilities somewhat less than those of similar nitro compounds, the difference becomes less as the degree of conjugation is increased. The increased transparency in the visible spectrum and the synthetic flexibility may make sulfonyl compounds important for some applications.

Organische polymere und nichtpolymere Materialien mit guten nichtlinearen optischen Eigenschaften

Abstract: Die nichtlinearen optischen Eigenschaften organischer Verbindungen, die von ihren elektronischen Verhaltnissen und ihrer Struktur im Festkorper abhangen, finden in vielen Bereichen der Optoelektronik einschlieslich optischer Kommunikationstechnik, Positionierung und Steuerung von Lasern sowie integrierter Optik Anwendung. Polymere und nichtpolymere aromatische Verbindungen zeigen wegen ihres stark delokalisierten π-Elektronensystems grose nichtlineare optische Effekte. Chemiker sind heute imstande, Materialien mit spezifischen Eigenschaften fur die jeweilige Anwendung maszuschneidern. Einige organische Substanzen mit π-Elektronensystemen weisen die grosten nichtlinearen Koeffizienten auf; sie sind oft wesentlich groser als die der gebrauchlicheren anorganischen Dielektrica und Halbleiter. Die Moglichkeit, von organischen Verbindungen dunne Filme herzustellen, verspricht ahnliche Funktions- und Kostenvorteile wie bei integrierten Schaltkreisen. Die elektronischen Grundlagen nichtlinearer optischer Effekte in organischen Verbindungen mit π-Elektronensystemen werden mit dem Schwerpunkt auf Effekten zweiter Ordnung besprochen, und es werden Methoden beschrieben, mit denen derartige Effekte gemessen werden. Ferner sind die Beziehungen zwischen den Ausbreitungseigenschaften des Lichts und den beobachteten nichtlinearen optischen Effekten einerseits sowie der Struktur des Festkorpers andererseits Gegenstand dieses Fortschrittsberichts. Schlieslich werden Synthese und Charakterisierung organischer Kristalle und Polymerfilme mit grosen nichtlinearen optischen Effekten zweiter Ordnung beschrieben.

Quantum mechanical continuum solvation models.

Abstract: 6.2.2. Definition of Effective Properties 3064 6.3. Response Properties to Magnetic Fields 3066 6.3.1. Nuclear Shielding 3066 6.3.2. Indirect Spin−Spin Coupling 3067 6.3.3. EPR Parameters 3068 6.4. Properties of Chiral Systems 3069 6.4.1. Electronic Circular Dichroism (ECD) 3069 6.4.2. Optical Rotation (OR) 3069 6.4.3. VCD and VROA 3070 7. Continuum and Discrete Models 3071 7.1. Continuum Methods within MD and MC Simulations 3072

Engineering coordination polymers towards applications

Abstract: The development in the field of coordination polymers or metal-organic coordination networks, MOCNs (metal-organic frameworks, MOFs) is assessed in terms of property investigations in the areas of catalysis, chirality, conductivity, luminescence, magnetism, spin-transition (spin-crossover), non-linear optics (NLO) and porosity or zeolitic behavior upon which potential applications could be based.

Crystal engineering of NLO materials based on metal-organic coordination networks

Abstract: Crystal engineering, the ability to predict and control the packing of molecular building units in the solid state, has attracted much attention over the past three decades owing to its potential exploitation for the synthesis of technologically important materials. We present here the development of crystal-engineering strategies toward the synthesis of noncentrosymmetric infinite coordination networks for use as second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. Work performed mainly in our laboratory has demonstrated that noncentrosymmetric solids based on infinite networks can be rationally synthesized by combining unsymmetrical bridging ligands and metal centers with well-defined coordination geometries. Specifically, coordination networks based on 3D diamondoid and 2D grid structures can be successfully engineered with a high degree of probability and predictability to crystallize in noncentrosymmetric space groups. We have also included noncentrosymmetric solids based on 1D chains and related helical structures for comparison.