1. On Romanization 2. Roman power and the Gauls 3. The civilising ethos 4. Mapping cultural change 5. Urbanising the Gauls 6. The culture of the countryside 7. Consuming Rome 8. Keeping faith? 9. Being Roman in Gaul.

Becoming Roman: The Origins of Provincial Civilization in Gaul. By G. Woolf. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge1998/2000. Pp. xv + 296, figs 20. Price: £40.00 (bound); £15.95 (paper). ISBN 0 521 414456 (bound); 0 521 789826 (paper).

The History of the Jewish People

Middle-eastern archaeologists are winning new information from declassified military photographs taken 25 years ago. This study shows how pictures of north-eastern Syria are revealing the routeways, and by inference the agricultural systems of Mesopotamia in the early Bronze Age.

https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/4269008/Ur_Corona.pdf?sequence=1

CORONA Satellite Photography and Ancient Road Networks: A Northern Mesopotamian Case Study

Greek artefacts, craftsmen and artists had penetrated Rome since regal days; from the second century BC this trickle had become a continuing and influential flood, contributing together with Italic and Etruscan architecture and art, and the developing central Italian and Roman concrete architecture, to the rich tapestry of the art of the capital. Vespasian (69-79), founder of the Flavian dynasty, showed an astute pragmatism in his handling of architecture and art. In the provinces the architectural and art forms characteristic of the Flavian era continued to flourish. Dynamism returned to imperial commissions with the Romano-Spanish Trajan. The age of Hadrian (117-38) proved to be extraordinary, largely because of the extent to which he was able to impress upon it his own many-sided personality: ruler, philhellene, architect, dilettante, poet, traveller and romantic. The rich artistic harvest of the Flavian to the Antonine ages was not just an imperial, but a corporate achievement, one which offered a worthy inheritance to following generations.

Art and architecture

Subtitle: Outlook for business, regional aircraft sales remains buoyant, Bombardier maintains.

Against the odds

It has become increasingly common in archaeology to utilise virtual globes for regions where few if any aerial photographs are available. Saudi Arabia is one such and it has proved especially useful for identifying and mapping the prolific structures commonly referred to as the ‘Works of the Old Men’, most prominently kites. These are now generally accepted as hunting traps for migratory animals. Although a few were known in Saudi Arabia, the increasing availability of high-resolution ‘windows’ on virtual globes has revealed them in ever-larger numbers. Such windows can be exploited to define and map archaeological remains and develop methodologies. One particular region with such potential is Harret Khaybar. Progressive additions of high-resolution windows for this harra have revealed 917 kites. Beyond mere counting, analysis allows the development of typologies and identification of locally distinctive forms—notably the ‘barbed’ form; mapping and the interpretation of patterns in relation to geology, soils, water sources and vegetation; and associations with other ‘works’, with scope for creating at least relative chronologies. The present study provides data and preliminary analysis, and guidance for such a holistic ground-based archaeological project should the opportunity arise.

Kites in Saudi Arabia

Rome's Desert Frontier from the Air

The Defence of the Roman and Byzantine East : proceedings of a colloquium held at the University of Sheffield in April 1986

Re-examination of known Roman roads and milestones, and of new evidence for both in north-east Jordan, has considerably improved on a survey of the same area published in 1982. The present study brings together published accounts from the intervening years, presents new data from fieldwork and air photographic analysis, and offers some suggestions for future investigations and academic priorities in this region.

Roman roads and routes in north-east Jordan

The purpose of the present article is to report on recent developments and to explain and illustrate the potential of an active programme of aerial archaeology.

David Kennedy

Papers

Kites in Saudi Arabia

Rome's Desert Frontier from the Air

The Defence of the Roman and Byzantine East : proceedings of a colloquium held at the University of Sheffield in April 1986

Roman roads and routes in north-east Jordan

Aerial Archaeology in Jordan