/pdf/self-assembled-monolayers-of-thiolates-on-metals-as-a-form-1neb0hj3k4.pdf

Self-assembled monolayers of thiolates on metals as a form of nanotechnology.

The last decade witnessed significant progress in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and its applications. Today, ARPES experiments with 2-meV energy resolution and $0.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ angular resolution are a reality even for photoemission on solids. These technological advances and the improved sample quality have enabled ARPES to emerge as a leading tool in the investigation of the high-${T}_{c}$ superconductors. This paper reviews the most recent ARPES results on the cuprate superconductors and their insulating parent and sister compounds, with the purpose of providing an updated summary of the extensive literature. The low-energy excitations are discussed with emphasis on some of the most relevant issues, such as the Fermi surface and remnant Fermi surface, the superconducting gap, the pseudogap and $d$-wave-like dispersion, evidence of electronic inhomogeneity and nanoscale phase separation, the emergence of coherent quasiparticles through the superconducting transition, and many-body effects in the one-particle spectral function due to the interaction of the charge with magnetic and/or lattice degrees of freedom. Given the dynamic nature of the field, we chose to focus mainly on reviewing the experimental data, as on the experimental side a general consensus has been reached, whereas interpretations and related theoretical models can vary significantly. The first part of the paper introduces photoemission spectroscopy in the context of strongly interacting systems, along with an update on the state-of-the-art instrumentation. The second part provides an overview of the scientific issues relevant to the investigation of the low-energy electronic structure by ARPES. The rest of the paper is devoted to the experimental results from the cuprates, and the discussion is organized along conceptual lines: normal-state electronic structure, interlayer interaction, superconducting gap, coherent superconducting peak, pseudogap, electron self-energy, and collective modes. Within each topic, ARPES data from the various copper oxides are presented.

https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0208504.pdf

Angle-resolved photoemission studies of the cuprate superconductors

The shapes of noble metal nanocrystals (NCs) are usually defined by polyhedra that are enclosed by {111} and {100} facets, such as cubes, tetrahedra, and octahedra. Platinum NCs of unusual tetrahexahedral (THH) shape were prepared at high yield by an electrochemical treatment of Pt nanospheres supported on glassy carbon by a square-wave potential. The single-crystal THH NC is enclosed by 24 high-index facets such as {730}, {210}, and/or {520} surfaces that have a large density of atomic steps and dangling bonds. These high-energy surfaces are stable thermally (to 800°C) and chemically and exhibit much enhanced (up to 400%) catalytic activity for equivalent Pt surface areas for electro-oxidation of small organic fuels such as formic acid and ethanol.

Synthesis of Tetrahexahedral Platinum Nanocrystals with High-Index Facets and High Electro-Oxidation Activity

Molecular self-assembly is the spontaneous association of molecules under equilibrium conditions into stable, structurally well-defined aggregates joined by noncovalent bonds. Molecular self-assembly is ubiquitous in biological systems and underlies the formation of a wide variety of complex biological structures. Understanding self-assembly and the associated noncovalent interactions that connect complementary interacting molecular surfaces in biological aggregates is a central concern in structural biochemistry. Self-assembly is also emerging as a new strategy in chemical synthesis, with the potential of generating nonbiological structures with dimensions of 1 to 10(2) nanometers (with molecular weights of 10(4) to 10(10) daltons). Structures in the upper part of this range of sizes are presently inaccessible through chemical synthesis, and the ability to prepare them would open a route to structures comparable in size (and perhaps complementary in function) to those that can be prepared by microlithography and other techniques of microfabrication.

Molecular self-assembly and nanochemistry: A chemical strategy for the synthesis of nanostructures

https://is.muni.cz/el/1431/podzim2006/C7780/um/Read/2711172/SAM_str_grwth_ProgSurfSci00_151.pdf

Structure and growth of self-assembling monolayers

The Chemical Physics of Solid Surfaces and Heterogeneous Catalysis

This book describes the physical basis and applications of all of the principal techniques, and most of the lesser techniques, used in surface science today. They are grouped according to the underlying physics and are described in eight chapters. The treatment of each technique is thorough, but an exhaustive survey characteristic of a scientific review is not attempted. The physics underlying each technique is described carefully, together with the kind of instrumentation used. The strengths and limitations of each technique are brought out through discussion of examples of applications and results, chosen mainly from studies of the physics and chemistry (including adsorption, crystallography and catalytic properties) of well-characterised surfaces.

http://www.gbv.de/dms/ilmenau/toc/125810563.PDF

Modern techniques of surface science

The Chemical Physics of Solid Surfaces

Preface 1. Interfacial free energy and the y-ploy 2. The experimental determination of the solid-liquid interfacial free energy ySL 3. The structure of the solid-liquid interface 4. Non-structural views of the solid-liquid interface 5. Morphological stability 6. Dendritic growth 7. Eutectic growth 8. Mechanisms and kinetics of crystal growth.

The solid-liquid interface

Photoelectron diffraction is the name given to the phenomenon resulting from the coherent interference of the directly emitted component of an electron wavefield, emerging from an atom as a result of core level photoemission, with other components elastically scattered by surrounding atoms. Experimental characterization of this effect provides information which can be used to provide quantitative determinations of the structure of surfaces, and particularly of adsorbed species on surfaces, in an element-specific fashion. Since the initial. Demonstration of the phenomenon in the late 1970s, an extensive methodology for surface structure determination has been developed. In this review the background physics of the process, and the development of the technique is described. A brief discussion of the high energy forward scattering version of the technique (X-ray photoelectron diffraction-XPD), which utilizes zero-order diffraction effects, is included, but the most of the review is concerned with the lower energy backscattering method more relevant to the determination of detailed adsorption sites on surfaces. In addition to the general theoretical, experimental and methodology background, a number of the more recent developments are described including use of 'direct inversion' methods for (approximate) structure determination, including a survey of photoelectron holography, and the realization of chemical shift photoelectron diffraction to allow structure determinations of surfaces including atoms of one element in more than one inequivalent site. All of the developments are illustrated with specific examples, mainly of molecular and atomic adsorbates on metal surfaces.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0034-4885/57/10/003/pdf

David Phillip Woodruff

Papers

The Chemical Physics of Solid Surfaces and Heterogeneous Catalysis

Modern techniques of surface science

The Chemical Physics of Solid Surfaces

The solid-liquid interface

Adsorbate structure determination on surfaces using photoelectron diffraction