There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Although gold is the subject of one of the most ancient themes of investigation in science, its renaissance now leads to an exponentially increasing number of publications, especially in the context of emerging nanoscience and nanotechnology with nanoparticles and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). We will limit the present review to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), also called gold colloids. AuNPs are the most stable metal nanoparticles, and they present fascinating aspects such as their assembly of multiple types involving materials science, the behavior of the individual particles, size-related electronic, magnetic and optical properties (quantum size effect), and their applications to catalysis and biology. Their promises are in these fields as well as in the bottom-up approach of nanotechnology, and they will be key materials and building block in the 21st century. Whereas the extraction of gold started in the 5th millennium B.C. near Varna (Bulgaria) and reached 10 tons per year in Egypt around 1200-1300 B.C. when the marvelous statue of Touthankamon was constructed, it is probable that “soluble” gold appeared around the 5th or 4th century B.C. in Egypt and China. In antiquity, materials were used in an ecological sense for both aesthetic and curative purposes. Colloidal gold was used to make ruby glass 293 Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 293−346

Gold nanoparticles: assembly, supramolecular chemistry, quantum-size-related properties, and applications toward biology, catalysis, and nanotechnology.

Surface plasmons are waves that propagate along the surface of a conductor. By altering the structure of a metal's surface, the properties of surface plasmons--in particular their interaction with light--can be tailored, which offers the potential for developing new types of photonic device. This could lead to miniaturized photonic circuits with length scales that are much smaller than those currently achieved. Surface plasmons are being explored for their potential in subwavelength optics, data storage, light generation, microscopy and bio-photonics.

/pdf/surface-plasmon-subwavelength-optics-5e55p12p4o.pdf

Surface plasmon subwavelength optics

Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

Acoustic-graphene-plasmons (AGPs) are highly confined electromagnetic modes, which carry extreme momentum and low loss in the Mid-infrared (MIR) to Terahertz (THz) spectra. In this work [1], we demonstrate a new way to excite AGPs from the far-field, which are confined to nanometric-scale cavities, via localized graphene-plasmon-magnetic-resonators (GPMRs). This approach enables the efficient excitation of single AGP cavities, which are able to confine MIR light to record-breaking ultra-small mode-volumes that are ∼5·1010 times smaller than their free-space volume.

Demonstration of Ultra-Small MIR Acoustic-Graphene-Plasmon Cavities Based on Magnetic Resonators

We show experimentally that the fundamental ingredient of wave-based signal differentiation, namely zeros of the scattering matrix that lie on the real axis, can be imposed at will and in situ by purposefully perturbing an overmoded random scattering system. The resulting unprecedented flexibility overcomes current limitations of wave-based differentiators, both regarding their extreme vulnerability due to fabrication inaccuracies or environmental perturbations as well as their lack of in situ adaptability. Moreover, in addition to current miniaturization efforts, we suggest that integrability of wave processors can also be achieved by endowing existing bulky everyday-life systems that naturally scatter waves with a second signal-processing functionality. We demonstrate our technique by placing a programmable metasurface inside a 3D disordered metallic box: the hundreds of available degrees of freedom allow us to impose at will reflection zeros on a connected port, such that the reflected signal envelope is the temporal derivative of the incident one. We demonstrate our ability to toggle between differentiation of envelopes modulated onto distinct carriers. We also parallelize multiple differentiation operations on the same device and implement higher-order differentiators. Our temporal differentiator for microwave carriers may find civilian and military applications in processing wireless communication or radar signals, for data segmentation and compression, as well as machine vision and hearing. Our generic concept is also applicable to optical, acoustic, and elastic scattering.

Meta-Programmable Analog Differentiator

The problem of degraded energy confinement due to excessive transport across the magnetic field remains one of the critical issues for magnetically confined plasma. Radial transport of ion energy is relatively well understood, but that of the electrons has remained as anomalous, greatly exceeding the neoclassical prediction. It has been suggested that the anomalous electron thermal transport is explained by an electron gyro-scale turbulence driven by the electron temperature gradient (ETG) instability. A 280-GHz collective Thomson scattering system has been employed to address the electron gyro-scale fluctuations in National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) plasmas. The spatial resolution of the targeting wavenumber is greatly affected by the configuration of the magnetic field since the radial fluctuation is perpendicular to the local magnetic field line. The effect of the toroidal field curvature and magnetic shear on the spatial resolution of the scattering system is investigated numerically. An absolute power calibration was performed to determine the power response of the heterodyne detection system. These spatial resolution studies and absolute power calibration were applied to estimate the normalized density fluctuations from the measured scattering signals in NSTX plasmas.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/227/1/012004/pdf

Collective scattering system for transport study on NSTX

Evaluation of Vertical Rectus Muscle Insertions Using Ultrasound Biomicroscopy

A method and system for shielding bearings from foreign materials such as soil, weeds, plant residue and moisture during the operation of farm equipment. A rotating bearing shield for a bearing includes a cover member having a first end shaped to match the external shape of a bearing housing, including a means for coupling said cover member with an inner race of said bearing and a means for accepting an axle there through. The rotating bearing shield can be pressed onto the inner race of the bearing assembly to form a shielded bearing assembly. Additionally, the shield can be sized to maintain an appropriate press-fit that does not compress the inner race beyond an acceptable inside diameter.

David R. Smith

Papers

Demonstration of Ultra-Small MIR Acoustic-Graphene-Plasmon Cavities Based on Magnetic Resonators

Meta-Programmable Analog Differentiator

Collective scattering system for transport study on NSTX

Evaluation of Vertical Rectus Muscle Insertions Using Ultrasound Biomicroscopy

Shielded bearing and method