There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Although gold is the subject of one of the most ancient themes of investigation in science, its renaissance now leads to an exponentially increasing number of publications, especially in the context of emerging nanoscience and nanotechnology with nanoparticles and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). We will limit the present review to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), also called gold colloids. AuNPs are the most stable metal nanoparticles, and they present fascinating aspects such as their assembly of multiple types involving materials science, the behavior of the individual particles, size-related electronic, magnetic and optical properties (quantum size effect), and their applications to catalysis and biology. Their promises are in these fields as well as in the bottom-up approach of nanotechnology, and they will be key materials and building block in the 21st century. Whereas the extraction of gold started in the 5th millennium B.C. near Varna (Bulgaria) and reached 10 tons per year in Egypt around 1200-1300 B.C. when the marvelous statue of Touthankamon was constructed, it is probable that “soluble” gold appeared around the 5th or 4th century B.C. in Egypt and China. In antiquity, materials were used in an ecological sense for both aesthetic and curative purposes. Colloidal gold was used to make ruby glass 293 Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 293−346

Gold nanoparticles: assembly, supramolecular chemistry, quantum-size-related properties, and applications toward biology, catalysis, and nanotechnology.

Surface plasmons are waves that propagate along the surface of a conductor. By altering the structure of a metal's surface, the properties of surface plasmons--in particular their interaction with light--can be tailored, which offers the potential for developing new types of photonic device. This could lead to miniaturized photonic circuits with length scales that are much smaller than those currently achieved. Surface plasmons are being explored for their potential in subwavelength optics, data storage, light generation, microscopy and bio-photonics.

/pdf/surface-plasmon-subwavelength-optics-5e55p12p4o.pdf

Surface plasmon subwavelength optics

Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

Everolimus-eluting vs. Bare Metal Stents in Octogenarians. Results from the Randomized XIMA (XIence or Vision Stent Management of Angina in the Elderly) Trial

According to various embodiments, systems and methods for through imaging a medium are disclosed. An apparatus can include one or more radiating elements comprising one or more artificially-structured materials. The one or more radiating elements can be configured to transmit a radiation pattern of electromagnetic energy into a medium. The apparatus also can include one or more receiving elements configured to receive backscattered energy from the radiation pattern of electromagnetic energy transmitted into the medium. The backscattered energy received by the one or more receiving elements can be used to generate one or more through images of the medium.

Imaging through media using artificially-structured materials

Highlights from the community white paper ``Enhancing US fusion science with data-centric technologies''

We present analytic procedures for calculating the magnetostatic and response functions of magnetoresistive (MR) recording heads. To apply these methods we make several simplifying approximations, which have been found to be valid for typical recording head geometries. In particular, we show how to calculate the bias magnetization distribution, ideal transition pulse shape, and frequency response for the unshielded MR (UMR) head. To do this, we summarize methods based on conformal mapping and reciprocity, and present a simpler direct method which produces identical results. We extend this alternate method to find analytic expressions for the saturated bias magnetization.

Analytic and quasi-analytic formulae for MR heads

This paper describes work done on the development of small aperture antennas for circular polarisation. In particular for the present application, which involved fitting antennas to an aerodynamic body, the antennas had to be conformal to minimise drag and also be of low weight and small size. A novel antenna design for the production of circular polarisation is reported. Improvements to the original design, which have resulted in extending the performance of this antenna are also reported Measured results, for axial ratio and return loss, show that this antenna operates very satisfactorily over a bandwidth of appraximately 1 GHz at X band. This paper also describes further work conducted on a second type of small antenna also for circulat polarisation. This type of antenna utilises a multisection quarter wave plate design to transform linear polarisation into circular polarisation. For the present application, which involved fitting the transmit and receive antennas in close proximity within the small nose assembly of a Semi Active Radar Target or S.A.R.T., a very high degree of isolation is required. This paper includes a description of techniques employed to achieve the required degree of isolation between antennas

David R. Smith

Papers

Everolimus-eluting vs. Bare Metal Stents in Octogenarians. Results from the Randomized XIMA (XIence or Vision Stent Management of Angina in the Elderly) Trial

Imaging through media using artificially-structured materials

Highlights from the community white paper ``Enhancing US fusion science with data-centric technologies''

Analytic and quasi-analytic formulae for MR heads

Circularly Polarised Antenna Designs for a Semi Active Radar Target