David Spiegel

Bio: David Spiegel is an academic researcher from Stanford University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Medicine & Breast cancer. The author has an hindex of 106, co-authored 733 publications receiving 46276 citations. Previous affiliations of David Spiegel include Tel Aviv University & University of Adelaide.

Traumatic Dissociation: Neurobiology and Treat-

Abstract: Contributors. Preface. Introduction. Part I: Conceptual Domain of Dissociation. Relationship between trauma and dissociation: a historical analysis. Attachment, disorganization, and dissociation. Memory and attentional processes in dissociative identity disorder: a review of the empirical literature. Relationships between dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder. Perceptual processing and traumatic stress: contributions from hypnosis. Part II: Neurobiology of Trauma and Dissociation. Translational research issues in dissociation. Neuroendocrine markers of early trauma: implications for posttraumatic stress disorders. Symptoms of dissociation in healthy military populations: why and how do war fighters differ in response to intense stress? Peritraumatic dissociation: time perception and cerebellar regulation of psychological, interpersonal, and biological processes. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptom provocation and neuroimaging: heterogeneity of response. Psychobiology of traumatization and trauma-related structural dissociation of the personality. Part III: Contemporary Implications for Assessment and Treatment. Psychiatric approaches to dissociation: integrating history, biology, and clinical assessment. Psychological assessment of posttraumatic dissociation. Dissociative identity disorder: issues in the iatrogenesis controversy. Applications of innate affect theory to the understanding and treatment of dissociative identity disorder. Trauma, dissociation, and impulse dyscontrol: lessons from the eating disorders field. Treatment of traumatic dissociation. Afterword. Index.

Dissociative responses in the immediate aftermath of the Oakland/Berkeley firestorm

Abstract: This study examined relationships between dissociative symptoms experienced in the immediate aftermath of the Oakland/Berkeley firestorm and contact with the fire, life events, demographic variables, and actions taken after learning about the fire. One hundred eighty-seven participants completed self-report measures about their experiences during and immediately following the fire. Dissociative symptoms were significantly related to contact with the fire, sex, and stressful life events. Also, dissociative symptoms were significantly related to engaging in certain activities, such as trying to get closer to the fire and going into blocked-off areas and crossing police barricades. These results suggest that dissociative symptoms may merit special attention in intervention focusing on the immediate aftermath of disaster.

Aggressive fibromatosis from infancy to adolescence.

Abstract: Aggressive fibromatosis is a rare fibroproliferative disorder with a variable biologic potential that is locally morbid but does not metastasize. Eighteen patients with extraabdominal fibromatosis were treated with a multidisciplinary approach over a 27-year period. Our observations, coupled with a review of the literature, suggest that conservative surgery with the goal of a wide margin coupled with adjuvant therapies may result in adequate control of disease from infancy to adolescence. Amputation should be reserved for cases in which the disease or its treatment have resulted in a nonfunctional or chronically painful extremity. Radiation should be used as a last resort in the skeletally immature because of the risk of growth disturbance, contracture, and secondary malignancy. Chemotherapy may have a role in children with inoperable disease, in those who have gross residual tumor after an intralesional procedure, for disease progression or recurrence, and neoadjuvant therapy should be investigated as a means to achieve a wide margin in some cases.

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

The Benefits of Being Present: Mindfulness and Its Role in Psychological Well-Being

Abstract: Mindfulness is an attribute of consciousness long believed to promote well-being. This research provides a theoretical and empirical examination of the role of mindfulness in psychological well-being. The development and psychometric properties of the dispositional Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) are described. Correlational, quasi-experimental, and laboratory studies then show that the MAAS measures a unique quality of consciousness that is related to a variety of well-being constructs, that differentiates mindfulness practitioners from others, and that is associated with enhanced selfawareness. An experience-sampling study shows that both dispositional and state mindfulness predict self-regulated behavior and positive emotional states. Finally, a clinical intervention study with cancer patients demonstrates that increases in mindfulness over time relate to declines in mood disturbance and stress. Many philosophical, spiritual, and psychological traditions emphasize the importance of the quality of consciousness for the maintenance and enhancement of well-being (Wilber, 2000). Despite this, it is easy to overlook the importance of consciousness in human well-being because almost everyone exercises its primary capacities, that is, attention and awareness. Indeed, the relation between qualities of consciousness and well-being has received little empirical attention. One attribute of consciousness that has been much-discussed in relation to well-being is mindfulness. The concept of mindfulness has roots in Buddhist and other contemplative traditions where conscious attention and awareness are actively cultivated. It is most commonly defined as the state of being attentive to and aware of what is taking place in the present. For example, Nyanaponika Thera (1972) called mindfulness “the clear and single-minded awareness of what actually happens to us and in us at the successive moments of perception” (p. 5). Hanh (1976) similarly defined mindfulness as “keeping one’s consciousness alive to the present reality” (p. 11). Recent research has shown that the enhancement of mindfulness through training facilitates a variety of well-being outcomes (e.g., Kabat-Zinn, 1990). To date, however, there has been little work examining this attribute as a naturally occurring characteristic. Recognizing that most everyone has the capacity to attend and to be aware, we nonetheless assume (a) that individuals differ in their propensity or willingness to be aware and to sustain attention to what is occurring in the present and (b) that this mindful capacity varies within persons, because it can be sharpened or dulled by a variety of factors. The intent of the present research is to reliably identify these inter- and intrapersonal variations in mindfulness, establish their relations to other relevant psychological constructs, and demonstrate their importance to a variety of forms of psychological well-being.

Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes

Abstract: XI. STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING DIABETES CARE D iabetes is a chronic illness that requires continuing medical care and patient self-management education to prevent acute complications and to reduce the risk of long-term complications. Diabetes care is complex and requires that many issues, beyond glycemic control, be addressed. A large body of evidence exists that supports a range of interventions to improve diabetes outcomes. These standards of care are intended to provide clinicians, patients, researchers, payors, and other interested individuals with the components of diabetes care, treatment goals, and tools to evaluate the quality of care. While individual preferences, comorbidities, and other patient factors may require modification of goals, targets that are desirable for most patients with diabetes are provided. These standards are not intended to preclude more extensive evaluation and management of the patient by other specialists as needed. For more detailed information, refer to Bode (Ed.): Medical Management of Type 1 Diabetes (1), Burant (Ed): Medical Management of Type 2 Diabetes (2), and Klingensmith (Ed): Intensive Diabetes Management (3). The recommendations included are diagnostic and therapeutic actions that are known or believed to favorably affect health outcomes of patients with diabetes. A grading system (Table 1), developed by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and modeled after existing methods, was utilized to clarify and codify the evidence that forms the basis for the recommendations. The level of evidence that supports each recommendation is listed after each recommendation using the letters A, B, C, or E.