David Spiegel

Bio: David Spiegel is an academic researcher from Stanford University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Medicine & Breast cancer. The author has an hindex of 106, co-authored 733 publications receiving 46276 citations. Previous affiliations of David Spiegel include Tel Aviv University & University of Adelaide.

Palliative care: Clinical practice guidelines in oncology

Abstract: Michael H. Levy, MD, PhD; Anthony Back, MD; Costantino Benedetti, MD; J. Andrew Billings, MD; Susan Block, MD; Barry Boston, MD; Eduardo Bruera, MD; Sydney Dy, MD; Catherine Eberle, MD; Kathleen M. Foley, MD; Sloan Beth Karver, MD; Sara J. Knight, PhD; Sumathi Misra, MD; Christine S. Ritchie, MD, MSPH; David Spiegel, MD; Linda Sutton, MD; Susan Urba, MD; Jamie H. Von Roenn, MD; and Sharon M. Weinstein, MD

Panic control treatment and its applications

Abstract: Panic Control Treatment (PCT) is a widely used, empirically validated cognitive-behavioral treatment for panic disorder. Initially developed for the treatment of panic disorder with limited agoraphobic avoidance, PCT more recently has been finding broader applications. It has been used as an aid to pharmacotherapy discontinuation in panic disorder; in the treatment of panic attacks associated with other disorders such as schizophrenia; and, in combination with a situational exposure component, in the treatment of patients with moderate to severe agoraphobia. The authors critically review the evidence for the clinical efficacy of PCT and recent work directed at further enhancing the long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness of treatment. (The Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research 1999; 8:3–11)

Reprogramming urokinase into an antibody-recruiting anticancer agent

Abstract: The present invention relates to chimeric (preferably, bifunctional) compounds, compositions comprising those compounds and methods of treating cancer in a patient or subject, especially including metastatic cancer where cancer cells exhibit overexpression (heightened expression) of cell surface urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (urokinase receptor) compared to normal (non-cancerous) cells. The compounds preferably covalently bind to the urokinase receptor and recruit native antibodies of the patient or subject where the antibodies can selectively degrade and/or deactivate targeted cancer cells through antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis and/or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against a large number and variety of cancers, thus providing cancer cell death and/or an inhibition of growth, elaboration and/or metastasis of the cancer, including remission and cure of the patient's cancer.

Cortisol outcomes among caucasian and latina/hispanic women caring for a family member with dementia: a preliminary examination of psychosocial predictors and effects of a psychoeducational intervention

Abstract: A host of interventions are now known to be helpful to alleviate subjective distress and improve well-being in dementia caregivers. However, few intervention studies have focused on measures of physical health, and none have examined cortisol as an outcome—despite the fact that cortisol is regarded as a crucial biological intermediary by which chronic stress leads to disease. In this study, we examined demographic and psychosocial factors as predictors of salivary cortisol at a baseline assessment, among a sample of 175 Latino/Hispanic and Caucasian women caring for a family member with dementia. We also examined the influence of a cognitive–behaviour-based psychoeducational intervention (Coping with Caregiving) on cortisol at a post-treatment assessment, compared with a minimal support condition. Results revealed that caregivers with high intensity caregiving situations, characterized by long hours of care and co-residence with the care recipient, tended to have less adaptive cortisol patterns. However, these ‘at-risk’ caregivers benefited most from the Coping with Caregiving intervention and had more normal cortisol patterns at post-treatment, compared with caregivers in the control condition. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

The Benefits of Being Present: Mindfulness and Its Role in Psychological Well-Being

Abstract: Mindfulness is an attribute of consciousness long believed to promote well-being. This research provides a theoretical and empirical examination of the role of mindfulness in psychological well-being. The development and psychometric properties of the dispositional Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) are described. Correlational, quasi-experimental, and laboratory studies then show that the MAAS measures a unique quality of consciousness that is related to a variety of well-being constructs, that differentiates mindfulness practitioners from others, and that is associated with enhanced selfawareness. An experience-sampling study shows that both dispositional and state mindfulness predict self-regulated behavior and positive emotional states. Finally, a clinical intervention study with cancer patients demonstrates that increases in mindfulness over time relate to declines in mood disturbance and stress. Many philosophical, spiritual, and psychological traditions emphasize the importance of the quality of consciousness for the maintenance and enhancement of well-being (Wilber, 2000). Despite this, it is easy to overlook the importance of consciousness in human well-being because almost everyone exercises its primary capacities, that is, attention and awareness. Indeed, the relation between qualities of consciousness and well-being has received little empirical attention. One attribute of consciousness that has been much-discussed in relation to well-being is mindfulness. The concept of mindfulness has roots in Buddhist and other contemplative traditions where conscious attention and awareness are actively cultivated. It is most commonly defined as the state of being attentive to and aware of what is taking place in the present. For example, Nyanaponika Thera (1972) called mindfulness “the clear and single-minded awareness of what actually happens to us and in us at the successive moments of perception” (p. 5). Hanh (1976) similarly defined mindfulness as “keeping one’s consciousness alive to the present reality” (p. 11). Recent research has shown that the enhancement of mindfulness through training facilitates a variety of well-being outcomes (e.g., Kabat-Zinn, 1990). To date, however, there has been little work examining this attribute as a naturally occurring characteristic. Recognizing that most everyone has the capacity to attend and to be aware, we nonetheless assume (a) that individuals differ in their propensity or willingness to be aware and to sustain attention to what is occurring in the present and (b) that this mindful capacity varies within persons, because it can be sharpened or dulled by a variety of factors. The intent of the present research is to reliably identify these inter- and intrapersonal variations in mindfulness, establish their relations to other relevant psychological constructs, and demonstrate their importance to a variety of forms of psychological well-being.

Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes

Abstract: XI. STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING DIABETES CARE D iabetes is a chronic illness that requires continuing medical care and patient self-management education to prevent acute complications and to reduce the risk of long-term complications. Diabetes care is complex and requires that many issues, beyond glycemic control, be addressed. A large body of evidence exists that supports a range of interventions to improve diabetes outcomes. These standards of care are intended to provide clinicians, patients, researchers, payors, and other interested individuals with the components of diabetes care, treatment goals, and tools to evaluate the quality of care. While individual preferences, comorbidities, and other patient factors may require modification of goals, targets that are desirable for most patients with diabetes are provided. These standards are not intended to preclude more extensive evaluation and management of the patient by other specialists as needed. For more detailed information, refer to Bode (Ed.): Medical Management of Type 1 Diabetes (1), Burant (Ed): Medical Management of Type 2 Diabetes (2), and Klingensmith (Ed): Intensive Diabetes Management (3). The recommendations included are diagnostic and therapeutic actions that are known or believed to favorably affect health outcomes of patients with diabetes. A grading system (Table 1), developed by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and modeled after existing methods, was utilized to clarify and codify the evidence that forms the basis for the recommendations. The level of evidence that supports each recommendation is listed after each recommendation using the letters A, B, C, or E.