David W. Johnson

TL;DR: Although creative controversy often occurs naturally within cooperative learning groups, it may be considerably enhanced when teachers structure academic controversies This involves dividing a cooperative group into two pairs and assigning them opposing positions The pairs then develop their position, present it to the other pair, listen to the opposing position, engage in a discussion in which they attempt to refute the other side and rebut attacks on their position.

TL;DR: The authors found that while cooperation among students is more facilitative of education, competition is more frequently emphasized and that most students perceive school as being competitive, that students become more and more competitive the longer they are in school, and that American children are more competitive than are children from other countries.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of simulated atmospheric deposition of ammonium (NH4) and nitrate (NO3), applied alone or in combination with phosphorus and potassium (PK), on the surface phosphatase activities and nutrient acquisition behaviour of two species of moss (Sphagnumcapillifolium and Hypnum jutlandicum) from an ombrotrophic peatland was investigated.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the beliefs and expectations of patients and their caregivers about home haemodialysis in Italy where the prevalence of home dialysis is low, and identified seven major themes that were central to patient and caregiver perceptions of home-dialysis in regions without established services.

TL;DR: The effectiveness of a conflict-resolution program in a suburban secondary school in Canada was examined by as mentioned in this paper, where participants were 40 ninth-grade English students heterogeneous in academic ability.