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David W. Johnson

Bio: David W. Johnson is an academic researcher from University of Queensland. The author has contributed to research in topics: Peritoneal dialysis & Kidney disease. The author has an hindex of 160, co-authored 2714 publications receiving 140778 citations. Previous affiliations of David W. Johnson include Minnesota Department of Transportation & Open University.


Papers
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Book
11 Oct 1998
TL;DR: Cooperative, competitive, and individualistic learning as discussed by the authors ) are three types of cooperative learning: cooperative base groups, competitive learning, and competitive individualistic (CIL) learning.
Abstract: Preface. 1.Cooperative, Competitive, and Individualistic Learning. 2.Cooperative Learning. 3.Informal Cooperative Learning. 4.Cooperative Base Groups. 5.Basic Elements of Cooperative Learning. 6.Integrated Use of All Types of Cooperative Learning. 7.Assessment and Evaluation. 8.Structuring Competitive Learning. 9.Structuring Individualistic Learning. 10.Integrated Use of Cooperative, Competitive, and Individualistic Learning. 11.Reflections. Glossary. References. Index.

1,754 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Matthew Berriman1, Elodie Ghedin2, Elodie Ghedin3, Christiane Hertz-Fowler1, Gaëlle Blandin2, Hubert Renauld1, Daniella Castanheira Bartholomeu2, Nicola Lennard1, Elisabet Caler2, N. Hamlin1, Brian J. Haas2, Ulrike Böhme1, Linda Hannick2, Martin Aslett1, Joshua Shallom2, Lucio Marcello4, Lihua Hou2, Bill Wickstead5, U. Cecilia M. Alsmark6, Claire Arrowsmith1, Rebecca Atkin1, Andrew Barron1, Frédéric Bringaud7, Karen Brooks1, Mark Carrington8, Inna Cherevach1, Tracey-Jane Chillingworth1, Carol Churcher1, Louise Clark1, Craig Corton1, Ann Cronin1, Robert L. Davies1, Jonathon Doggett1, Appolinaire Djikeng2, Tamara Feldblyum2, Mark C. Field8, Audrey Fraser1, Ian Goodhead1, Zahra Hance1, David Harper1, Barbara Harris1, Heidi Hauser1, Jessica B. Hostetler2, Al Ivens1, Kay Jagels1, David W. Johnson1, Justin Johnson2, Kristine Jones2, Arnaud Kerhornou1, Hean Koo2, Natasha Larke1, Scott M. Landfear9, Christopher Larkin2, Vanessa Leech8, Alexandra Line1, Angela Lord1, Annette MacLeod4, P. Mooney1, Sharon Moule1, David M. A. Martin10, Gareth W. Morgan11, Karen Mungall1, Halina Norbertczak1, Doug Ormond1, Grace Pai2, Christopher S. Peacock1, Jeremy Peterson2, Michael A. Quail1, Ester Rabbinowitsch1, Marie-Adèle Rajandream1, Chris P Reitter8, Steven L. Salzberg2, Mandy Sanders1, Seth Schobel2, Sarah Sharp1, Mark Simmonds1, Anjana J. Simpson2, Luke J. Tallon2, C. Michael R. Turner4, Andrew Tait4, Adrian Tivey1, Susan Van Aken2, Danielle Walker1, David Wanless2, Shiliang Wang2, Brian White1, Owen White2, Sally Whitehead1, John Woodward1, Jennifer R. Wortman2, Mark Raymond Adams12, T. Martin Embley6, Keith Gull5, Elisabetta Ullu13, J. David Barry4, Alan H. Fairlamb10, Fred R. Opperdoes14, Barclay G. Barrell1, John E. Donelson15, Neil Hall16, Neil Hall2, Claire M. Fraser2, Sara E. Melville8, Najib M. El-Sayed3, Najib M. El-Sayed2 
15 Jul 2005-Science
TL;DR: Comparisons of the cytoskeleton and endocytic trafficking systems of Trypanosoma brucei with those of humans and other eukaryotic organisms reveal major differences.
Abstract: African trypanosomes cause human sleeping sickness and livestock trypanosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. We present the sequence and analysis of the 11 megabase-sized chromosomes of Trypanosoma brucei. The 26-megabase genome contains 9068 predicted genes, including ∼900 pseudogenes and ∼1700 T. brucei–specific genes. Large subtelomeric arrays contain an archive of 806 variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes used by the parasite to evade the mammalian immune system. Most VSG genes are pseudogenes, which may be used to generate expressed mosaic genes by ectopic recombination. Comparisons of the cytoskeleton and endocytic trafficking systems with those of humans and other eukaryotic organisms reveal major differences. A comparison of metabolic pathways encoded by the genomes of T. brucei, T. cruzi, and Leishmania major reveals the least overall metabolic capability in T. brucei and the greatest in L. major. Horizontal transfer of genes of bacterial origin has contributed to some of the metabolic differences in these parasites, and a number of novel potential drug targets have been identified.

1,631 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the effectiveness of cooperation with and without intra-group competition, inter-personal competition, and individualistic goal structures, by using a meta-analysis.
Abstract: This article examines 122 existing studies concerning the effectiveness cooperation with and without intra-group competition, inter-personal competition, and individualistic goal structures, by using a meta-analysis. Three types of met-analysis are performed: vote method, effect-size method, and z-score method. Results indicate that cooperation is superior to competition and individualistic efforts for increasing achievement and productivity, cooperation without inter-group competition is better than cooperation with inter-group competition, and no significant differences occur between interpersonal competition and individualistic efforts on achievement and productivity. The authors conclude that these findings should have significant impacts for education and industry.

1,627 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: More than 1,200 research studies have been conducted in the past 11 decades on cooperative, competitive, and individualistic efforts as mentioned in this paper, and the results from these studies have validated, modified, refined, and extended the theory.
Abstract: The widespread and increasing use of cooperative learning is one of the great success stories of social and educational psychology. Its success largely rests on the relationships among theory, research, and practice. Social interdependence theory provides a foundation on which cooperative learning is built. More than 1,200 research studies have been conducted in the past 11 decades on cooperative, competitive, and individualistic efforts. Findings from these studies have validated, modified, refined, and extended the theory. From the theory, procedures for the teacher’s role in using formal and informal cooperative learning and cooperative base groups have been operationalized. Those procedures are widely used by educators throughout the world. The applications have resulted in revisions of the theory and the generation of new research.

1,521 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on classroom-based pedagogies of engagement, particularly cooperative and problem-based learning, and present a brief history, theoretical roots, research support, summary of practices, and suggestions for redesigning engineering classes and programs to include more student engagement.
Abstract: Educators, researchers, and policy makers have advocated student involvement for some time as an essential aspect of meaningful learning. In the past twenty years engineering educators have implemented several means of better engaging their undergraduate students, including active and cooperative learning, learning communities, service learning, cooperative education, inquiry and problem-based learning, and team projects. This paper focuses on classroom-based pedagogies of engagement, particularly cooperative and problem-based learning. It includes a brief history, theoretical roots, research support, summary of practices, and suggestions for redesigning engineering classes and programs to include more student engagement. The paper also lays out the research ahead for advancing pedagogies aimed at more fully enhancing students’ involvement in their learning.

1,342 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
Eric S. Lander1, Lauren Linton1, Bruce W. Birren1, Chad Nusbaum1  +245 moreInstitutions (29)
15 Feb 2001-Nature
TL;DR: The results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome are reported and an initial analysis is presented, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.
Abstract: The human genome holds an extraordinary trove of information about human development, physiology, medicine and evolution. Here we report the results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome. We also present an initial analysis of the data, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.

22,269 citations

28 Jul 2005
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1(PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员,通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

18,940 citations

Book ChapterDOI
09 Jan 2004
TL;DR: A theory of intergroup conflict and some preliminary data relating to the theory is presented in this article. But the analysis is limited to the case where the salient dimensions of the intergroup differentiation are those involving scarce resources.
Abstract: This chapter presents an outline of a theory of intergroup conflict and some preliminary data relating to the theory. Much of the work on the social psychology of intergroup relations has focused on patterns of individual prejudices and discrimination and on the motivational sequences of interpersonal interaction. The intensity of explicit intergroup conflicts of interests is closely related in human cultures to the degree of opprobrium attached to the notion of "renegade" or "traitor." The basic and highly reliable finding is that the trivial, ad hoc intergroup categorization leads to in-group favoritism and discrimination against the out-group. Many orthodox definitions of "social groups" are unduly restrictive when applied to the context of intergroup relations. The equation of social competition and intergroup conflict rests on the assumptions concerning an "ideal type" of social stratification in which the salient dimensions of intergroup differentiation are those involving scarce resources.

14,812 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism are discussed. And the history of European ideas: Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 721-722.

13,842 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Reading a book as this basics of qualitative research grounded theory procedures and techniques and other references can enrich your life quality.

13,415 citations