David W. Johnson

Bio: David W. Johnson is an academic researcher from University of Queensland. The author has contributed to research in topics: Peritoneal dialysis & Kidney disease. The author has an hindex of 160, co-authored 2714 publications receiving 140778 citations. Previous affiliations of David W. Johnson include Minnesota Department of Transportation & Open University.

Clinical practice guidelines for peritoneal access

Abstract: Faculdade de Enfermagem, Nutricao e Fisioterapia,1 Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Nephrology,2 Serdang Hospital, Jalan Puchong, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; Sheffield Kidney Institute,3 Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Nephrology,4 Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Renal Services,5 Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; Nephrology,6 Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India; Dialysis Unit,7 Dianet Dialysis Centers and Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Combatting global grassland degradation.

Abstract: Grasslands are under severe threat from ongoing degradation, undermining their capacity to support biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being. Yet, grasslands are largely ignored in sustainable development agendas. In this Perspective, we examine the current state of global grasslands and explore the extent and dominant drivers of their degradation. Socio-ecological solutions are needed to combat degradation and promote restoration. Important strategies include: increasing recognition of grasslands in global policy; developing standardized indicators of degradation; using scientific innovation for effective restoration at regional and landscape scales; and enhancing knowledge transfer and data sharing on restoration experiences. Stakeholder needs can be balanced through standardized assessment and shared understanding of the potential ecosystem service trade-offs in degraded and restored grasslands. The integration of these actions into sustainability policy will aid in halting degradation and enhancing restoration success, and protect the socio-economic, cultural and ecological benefits that grasslands provide. Grasslands provide key ecosystem services, but their protection is often ignored in sustainable policy. This Perspective describes grassland degradation and sets out the steps needed to protect these systems and promote their restoration.

The effect of obesity on renal transplant outcomes.

Abstract: Background. Although obesity has been associated with improved survival on dialysis, its effects on renal transplant outcomes remain unclear. Previous studies have reported conflicting findings and have been limited by the use of outdated patient data, univariate analyses, and liberal transplant selection criteria. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of obesity on renal transplant outcomes in a rigorously screened population. Methods. A retrospective analysis was undertaken of all patients transplanted at, the Princess Alexandra Hospital from 1 April 1994 to 31 March 2000. Patients were rigorously screened for cardiovascular disease before acceptance for transplantation. The effects of obesity on renal transplant outcomes were assessed by logistic and multivariate Cox regressions. Results. Of the 493 patients transplanted, 59 (12%) were obese (body mass index [BMI]>30 kg/m(2)). Obese patients were more likely to experience superficial wound breakdown (14% vs. 4%, P<0.01) and complete wound dehiscence (3% vs. 0%, P<0.01). Wound infections also tended to be more frequent in obese recipients (15% vs. 8%, P=0.11). There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to operative duration, postoperative complications, hospitalization, delayed graft function, or acute rejection episodes. Five-year actuarial survival rates were comparable between the two groups with respect to graft survival (83% vs. 84%, P=NS) and patient survival (91% vs. 91%, P=NS). On multivariate analysis, BMI was an independent risk factor for wound breakdown (odds ratio 1.21, 95% CI 1.09-1.34, P<0.001), but not for other posttransplant complications, hospitalization, graft loss, or patient survival. Conclusions. The only significant adverse effect of obesity on renal transplant outcomes was an increase in wound complications, which were generally of minor consequence. Provided that adequate care is taken to avoid transplanting patients with significant cardiovascular disease, obese recipients can achieve excellent long-term patient and graft survivals that are on par with their nonobese counterparts. Denying patients access to renal transplantation on the basis of obesity per se does not appear to be justified.

An Economic Evaluation of Activated Protein C Treatment for Severe Sepsis

Abstract: Background Recombinant human activated protein C was shown in the Recombinant Human Activated Protein C Worldwide Evaluation in Severe Sepsis (PROWESS) study to reduce mortality among patients with...

Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

Abstract: The human genome holds an extraordinary trove of information about human development, physiology, medicine and evolution. Here we report the results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome. We also present an initial analysis of the data, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

The social identity theory of intergroup behavior

Abstract: This chapter presents an outline of a theory of intergroup conflict and some preliminary data relating to the theory. Much of the work on the social psychology of intergroup relations has focused on patterns of individual prejudices and discrimination and on the motivational sequences of interpersonal interaction. The intensity of explicit intergroup conflicts of interests is closely related in human cultures to the degree of opprobrium attached to the notion of "renegade" or "traitor." The basic and highly reliable finding is that the trivial, ad hoc intergroup categorization leads to in-group favoritism and discrimination against the out-group. Many orthodox definitions of "social groups" are unduly restrictive when applied to the context of intergroup relations. The equation of social competition and intergroup conflict rests on the assumptions concerning an "ideal type" of social stratification in which the salient dimensions of intergroup differentiation are those involving scarce resources.