David W. Johnson

Bio: David W. Johnson is an academic researcher from University of Queensland. The author has contributed to research in topics: Peritoneal dialysis & Kidney disease. The author has an hindex of 160, co-authored 2714 publications receiving 140778 citations. Previous affiliations of David W. Johnson include Minnesota Department of Transportation & Open University.

Cyclosporine excretion into breast milk.

Abstract: Although many female patients of childbearing age who are receiving cyclosporine have successful pregnancies, these women may be advised not to breast-feed. During recent years, cases of uneventful pregnancies and subsequent successful breast-feeding have been reported in the literature. The infant's blood cyclosporine concentration was usually very low. Based on these findings and the lack of detectable adverse effects, some investigators have suggested that women on cyclosporine may breast-feed, challenging the conventional view that cyclosporine is contraindicated during breast-feeding. Here, we report our experience with cyclosporine use during breast-feeding in five mother-infant pairs. We show a wide range of infant exposures to the drug in milk, noting that one of the infants had therapeutic blood concentrations of cyclosporine despite relatively low concentrations of the drug in milk.

Genome-wide association study identifies multiple susceptibility loci for multiple myeloma

Abstract: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy with a significant heritable basis. Genome-wide association studies have transformed our understanding of MM predisposition, but individual studies have had limited power to discover risk loci. Here we perform a meta-analysis of these GWAS, add a new GWAS and perform replication analyses resulting in 9,866 cases and 239,188 controls. We confirm all nine known risk loci and discover eight new loci at 6p22.3 (rs34229995, P=1.31 × 10(-8)), 6q21 (rs9372120, P=9.09 × 10(-15)), 7q36.1 (rs7781265, P=9.71 × 10(-9)), 8q24.21 (rs1948915, P=4.20 × 10(-11)), 9p21.3 (rs2811710, P=1.72 × 10(-13)), 10p12.1 (rs2790457, P=1.77 × 10(-8)), 16q23.1 (rs7193541, P=5.00 × 10(-12)) and 20q13.13 (rs6066835, P=1.36 × 10(-13)), which localize in or near to JARID2, ATG5, SMARCD3, CCAT1, CDKN2A, WAC, RFWD3 and PREX1. These findings provide additional support for a polygenic model of MM and insight into the biological basis of tumour development.

Constructive Controversy: The Educative Power of Intellectual Conflict

Abstract: (2000). Constructive Controversy: The Educative Power of Intellectual Conflict. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning: Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 28-37.

Review article: Hepatitis B and dialysis

Abstract: The incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in dialysis populations has declined over recent decades, largely because of improvements in infection control and widespread implementation of HBV vaccination. Regardless, outbreaks of infection continue to occur in dialysis units, and prevalence rates remain unacceptably high. For a variety of reasons, dialysis patients are at increased risk of acquiring HBV. They also demonstrate different disease manifestations compared with healthy individuals and are more likely to progress to chronic carriage. This paper will review the epidemiology, modes of transmission and diagnosis of HBV in this population. Prevention and treatment will be discussed, with a specific focus on strategies to improve vaccination response, new therapeutic options and selection of patients for therapy. © 2010 Asian Pacific Society of Nephrology. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation.

Cooperative Learning, Group-to-Individual Transfer, Process Gain, and the Acquisition of Cognitive Reasoning Strategies

Abstract: The effects of cooperative and individualistic learning situations were compared on achievement on a number of tasks representing different levels on Bloom's (1956) taxonomy of cognitive instructional objectives. In the cooperative condition, American students worked in small groups to produce a group product and later completed similar tasks as individuals. In the individualistic condition, they worked by themselves to produce individual products and later completed similar tasks as individuals. First-grade students (N = 52) were randomly assigned to conditions stratifying for ability level and sex. The results indicated that on ail tasks, groups achieved more than did individuals, that the higher achievement of students in the cooperative condition transferred to individual testing situations for three higher level reasoning tasks (there were no differences between conditions on two lower level reasoning tasks), and that students in the cooperative condition used higher level reasoning strategi...

Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

Abstract: The human genome holds an extraordinary trove of information about human development, physiology, medicine and evolution. Here we report the results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome. We also present an initial analysis of the data, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

The social identity theory of intergroup behavior

Abstract: This chapter presents an outline of a theory of intergroup conflict and some preliminary data relating to the theory. Much of the work on the social psychology of intergroup relations has focused on patterns of individual prejudices and discrimination and on the motivational sequences of interpersonal interaction. The intensity of explicit intergroup conflicts of interests is closely related in human cultures to the degree of opprobrium attached to the notion of "renegade" or "traitor." The basic and highly reliable finding is that the trivial, ad hoc intergroup categorization leads to in-group favoritism and discrimination against the out-group. Many orthodox definitions of "social groups" are unduly restrictive when applied to the context of intergroup relations. The equation of social competition and intergroup conflict rests on the assumptions concerning an "ideal type" of social stratification in which the salient dimensions of intergroup differentiation are those involving scarce resources.