Although interest in organizational learning has grown dramatically in recent years, a general theory of organizational learning has remained elusive. We identify renewal of the overall enterprise as the underlying phenomenon of interest and organizational learning as a principal means to this end. With this perspective we develop a framework for the process of organizational learning, presenting organizational learning as four processes—intuiting, interpreting, integrating, and institutionalizing—linking the individual, group, and organizational levels.

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An Organizational Learning Framework: From Intuition to Institution

Introduction - William Foote Whyte PAR IN INDUSTRY Participatory Action Research - William Foote Whyte, Davydd J Greenwood and Peter Lazes Through Practice to Science in Social Research Participatory Action Research - Larry A Pace and Dominick R Argona A View from Xerox Participatory Action Research - Anthony J Constanza A View from ACTWU Participatory Action Research - Jose Luis Gonzalez Santos A View from FAGOR Participatory Action Research and Action Science Compared - Chris Argyris and Donald Schon A Commentary Comparing PAR and Action Science - William Foote Whyte Research, Action and Participation - Richard E Walton and Michael Gaffney The Merchant Shipping Case Co-Generative Learning - Max Elden and Morton Levin Bringing Participation into Action Research Action Research as Method - Jan Irgen Karlsen Reflections from a Program for Developing Methods and Competence Participant Observer Research - Robert E Cole An Activist Role PAR IN AGRICULTURE Participatory Strategies in Agricultural Research and Development - William Foote Whyte A Joint Venture in Technology Transfer to Increase Adoption Rates - Ramiro Ortiz Participatory Action Research in Togo - Richard Maclure and Michael Bassey An Inquiry into Maize Storage Systems The Role of the Social Scientist in Participatory Action research - Sergio Ruano Social Scientists in International Agriculture Resarch - Douglas E Horton Ensuring Relevance and Conributing to the Knowledge Base Conclusions - William Foote Whyte

Participatory Action Research

Stakeholder participation for environmental management: A literature review

How to ... be a reflective practitioner.

Introduction - Peter Reason and Hilary Bradbury Inquiry and Participation in Search of a World Worthy of Human Aspiration PART ONE: GROUNDINGS Theory and Practice - Bj[sl]orn Gustavsen The Mediating Discourse Participatory (Action) Research in Social Theory - Orlando Fals Borda Origins and Challenges Action Research in the Workplace - William Pasmore The Socio-Technical Perspective Infusing Race into the US Discourse on Action Research - Ella Edmondson Bell Uneven Ground - Patricia Maguire Feminisms and Participatory, Action-Oriented Research Power and Knowledge - John Gaventa and Andrea Cornwall Knowledge and Participatory Research - Peter Park Exploring the Relevance of Critical Theory for Action Research - Stephen Kemmis Emancipatory Action Research in the Footsteps of J[um]urgen Habermas Pragmatic Action Research and the Struggle to Transform Universities into Learning Communities - Morten Levin and Davydd Greenwood The Humanistic Approach to Action Research - John Rowan Engaging Sympathies - Yvonna S Lincoln Relationships between Action Research and Social Constructivism The Relationship of 'Systems Thinking' to Action Research - Robert Louis Flood Action Research as the Hidden Curriculum of the Western Tradition - Olav Eikeland PART TWO: PRACTICES Action Science - Victor J Friedman Creating Communities of Inquiry in Communities of Practice I Wish This Were a Poem of Practices of Participatory Research - Budd L Hall The Practice of Co-Operative Inquiry - John Heron and Peter Reason Research 'with' Rather Than 'on' People Appreciative Inquiry - James D Ludema, David L Cooperrider and Frank J Barrett The Power of the Unconditional Positive Question Large Group Processes as Action Research - Ann W Martin The Use of Words - [sl]Oyvind P[lo]alshaugen Improving Enterprises by Improving Their Conversations Ethnodrama - Jim Mienczakowski and Stephen Morgan Constructing Participatory, Experiential and Compelling Action Research through Performance Clinical//Inquiry Research - Edgar H Schein Community Action Research - Peter Senge and Otto Scharmer Learning as a Community of Practitioners, Consultants and Researchers The Practice of Action Inquiry - William R Torbert The Turn to Action and the Linguistic Turn - Lesley Treleaven Towards an Integrated Methodology Educational Action Research - Ken Zeicher PART THREE: EXEMPLARS Working Together, Learning Together - Mark Baldwin Co-Operative Inquiry in the Development of Complex Practice by Teams of Social Workers The Early Mothering Project - Penelope A Barrett What Happened When the Words 'Action Research' Came to Life for a Group of Midwives Citizens' Participation in Natural Resource Management - Yogesh Bhatt and Rajesh Tandon Learning with /f003The Natural Step - Hilary Bradbury Action Research to Promote Conversations for Sustainable Development Transforming Lives - Gloria Bravette Gordon Towards Bicultural Competence Action Research to Develop an Interorganizational Network - Rupert F Chisholm Transpersonal Co-Operative Inquiry - John Heron Using Co-Operative Inquiry to Transform Evaluation of Nursing Students' Clinical Practice - Marcia D Hills Collaborative Inquiry with African-American Community Leaders - James G Kelly, Lynne O Mock and S Darius Tandon Comments on a Participatory Action Research Process Participatory Research and Education for Social Change - Helen M Lewis Highlander Research and Education Center Creative Arts and Photography in Participatory Action Research in Guatemala - M Brinton Lykes The Art of Clinical Inquiry in Information Technology Related Change - Joe McDonagh and David Coghlan The Sights and Sounds of Indigenous Knowledge - Timothy Pyrch and Mar[ac]ia Teresa Castillo Participatory Action Research in Southern Tanzania, with Special Reference to Women - Marja-Liisa Swantz, Elizabeth Ndedya and Mwajuma Saiddy Masaiganah Six Street Youth Who Could... - Elizabeth Whitmore and Colette McKee PART FOUR: SKILLS Collaborative Off-Line Reflection - Jenny W Rudolph, Steven S Taylor and Erica Gabrielle Foldy A Way to Develop Skill in Action Science and Action Inquiry On Working with Graduate Research Students - Peter Reason and Judi Marshall The Mirror, the Magnifying Glass, the Compass and the Map - Yoland Wadsworth Facilitating Participatory Action Research Self-Reflective Inquiry Practices - Judi Marshall The Third Task of Universities or How to Get Universities to Serve Their Communities - G[um]oran Brulin Conclusion - Hilary Bradbury and Peter Reason Broadening the Bandwidth of Validity: Issues as Choice-Points to Ensure Quality in Action Research

https://psy.au.dk/fileadmin/site_files/filer_psykologi/dokumenter/CKM/NB36/reason.pdf

Handbook of action research : participative inquiry and practice

Organizational Learning II: Theory, Method, and Practice

What Is Action Research? Introduction: Action Research, Diversity, and Democracy A History of Action Research Action Research Cases From Practice: The Stories of Stongfjorden, Mondragon, and Programs for Employment and Workplace Systems at Cornell University Science, Epistemology, and Practice in Action Research An Epistemological Foundation for Action Research Scientific Method and Action Research Social Science Research Techniques, Work Forms, and Research Strategies in Action Research Knowledge Generation in Action Research: The Dialectics of Local Knowledge and Research-based Knowledge The Friendly Outsider: From AR as a Research Strategy to the Skills Needed to Become an Action Researcher Varieties of Action Research Praxis: Liberating Human Potential Pragmatic Action Research Power, Liberation, Adult Education, Feminism, and Social Reform Educational Action Research Participatory evaluation Rapid Rural Appraisal, Participatory Rural Appraisal, and Participatory Learning and Analysis Human Inquiry, Collaborative Inquiry, Cooperative Inquiry, Action Inquiry, Self-reflective Inquiry, and Mapping the Varieties of Action Research Action Science and Organizational Learning Action Research, Higher Education, and Democracy Educating Action Researchers Action Research, Participation, and Democratization

Introduction to Action Research: Social Research for Social Change

Members of the editorial board of Action Research responded to the question, `Why action research?' Based on their responses and the authors' own experiences as action researchers, this article examines common themes and commitments among action researchers as well as exploring areas of disagreement and important avenues for future exploration. We also use this opportunity to welcome readers of this new journal and to introduce them to members of the editorial board.

Why Action Research

Introduction to Action Research

Participatory action research is presented as a social research method and process and as a goal that social research should always strive to achieve. After describing the key features and strengths of participatory action research, we briefly analyze its role in promoting social change through organizational learning in three very different kinds of organizations. We argue that participatory action research is always an emergent process that can often be intensified and that works effectively to link participation, social action, and knowledge generation.

Davydd J. Greenwood

Papers

Organizational Learning II: Theory, Method, and Practice

Introduction to Action Research: Social Research for Social Change

Why Action Research

Introduction to Action Research

Participatory Action Research as a Process and as a Goal