Showing papers by "Deepak Rajendraprasad published in 2013"

Inapproximability of Rainbow Colouring

Abstract: A rainbow colouring of a connected graph G is a colouring of the edges of G such that every pair of vertices in G is connected by at least one path in which no two edges are coloured the same. The minimum number of colours required to rainbow colour G is called its rainbow connection number. Chakraborty, Fischer, Matsliah and Yuster have shown that it is NP-hard to compute the rainbow connection number of graphs [J. Comb. Optim., 2011]. Basavaraju, Chandran, Rajendraprasad and Ramaswamy have reported an (r+3)-factor approximation algorithm to rainbow colour any graph of radius r [Graphs and Combinatorics, 2012]. In this article, we use a result of Guruswami, Hastad and Sudan on the NP-hardness of colouring a 2-colourable 4-uniform hypergraph using constantly many colours [SIAM J. Comput., 2002] to show that for every positive integer k, it is NP-hard to distinguish between graphs with rainbow connection number 2k+2 and 4k+2. This, in turn, implies that there cannot exist a polynomial time algorithm to rainbow colour graphs with less than twice the optimum number of colours, unless P=NP. The authors have earlier shown that the rainbow connection number problem remains NP-hard even when restricted to the class of chordal graphs, though in this case a 4-factor approximation algorithm is available [COCOON, 2012]. In this article, we improve upon the 4-factor approximation algorithm to design a linear-time algorithm that can rainbow colour a chordal graph G using at most 3/2 times the minimum number of colours if G is bridgeless and at most 5/2 times the minimum number of colours otherwise. Finally we show that the rainbow connection number of bridgeless chordal graphs cannot be polynomial-time approximated to a factor less than 5/4, unless P=NP.

Boxicity and Cubicity of Product Graphs

Abstract: The 'boxicity' ('cubicity') of a graph G is the minimum natural number k such that G can be represented as an intersection graph of axis-parallel rectangular boxes (axis-parallel unit cubes) in $R^k$. In this article, we give estimates on the boxicity and the cubicity of Cartesian, strong and direct products of graphs in terms of invariants of the component graphs. In particular, we study the growth, as a function of $d$, of the boxicity and the cubicity of the $d$-th power of a graph with respect to the three products. Among others, we show a surprising result that the boxicity and the cubicity of the $d$-th Cartesian power of any given finite graph is in $O(\log d / \log\log d)$ and $\theta(d / \log d)$, respectively. On the other hand, we show that there cannot exist any sublinear bound on the growth of the boxicity of powers of a general graph with respect to strong and direct products.

2-connecting Outerplanar Graphs without Blowing Up the Pathwidth

Abstract: Given a connected outerplanar graph G with pathwidth p, we give an algorithm to add edges to G to get a supergraph of G, which is 2-vertex-connected, outerplanar and of pathwidth O(p). As a consequence, we get a constant factor approximation algorithm to compute a straight line planar drawing of any outerplanar graph, with its vertices placed on a two dimensional grid of minimum height. This settles an open problem raised by Biedl [3].

Product Dimension of Forests and Bounded Treewidth Graphs

Abstract: The product dimension of a graph $G$ is defined as the minimum natural number $l$ such that $G$ is an induced subgraph of a direct product of $l$ complete graphs. In this paper we study the product dimension of forests, bounded treewidth graphs and $k$-degenerate graphs. We show that every forest on $n$ vertices has product dimension at most $1.441 \log n + 3$. This improves the best known upper bound of $3 \log n$ for the same due to Poljak and Pultr. The technique used in arriving at the above bound is extended and combined with a well-known result on the existence of orthogonal Latin squares to show that every graph on $n$ vertices with treewidth at most $t$ has product dimension at most $(t+2)(\log n + 1)$. We also show that every $k$-degenerate graph on $n$ vertices has product dimension at most $\lceil 5.545 k \log n \rceil + 1$. This improves the upper bound of $32 k \log n$ for the same by Eaton and R ő dl.