In this paper, we quantify the labor market effects of migration flows in OECD countries during the 1990's based on a new global database on the bilateral stock of migrants, by education level. We simulate various outcomes using an aggregate model of labor markets, parameterized by a range of estimates from the literature. We find that immigration had a positive effect on the wages of less educated natives and it increased or left unchanged the average native wages. Emigration, instead, had a negative effect on the wages of less educated native workers and increased inequality within countries.

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The Labour Market Effects of Immigration and Emigration in OECD Countries

Migrant care workers in ageing societies: research findings in the United Kingdom

/pdf/migration-and-the-global-recession-3pvoi8th2o.pdf

Migration and the Global Recession

In this novel account of global citizenship, Luis Cabrera argues that all individuals have a global duty to contribute directly to human rights protections and to promote rights-enhancing political integration between states. The Practice of Global Citizenship blends careful moral argument with compelling narratives from field research among unauthorized immigrants, activists seeking to protect their rights, and the 'Minuteman' activists striving to keep them out. Immigrant-rights activists, especially those conducting humanitarian patrols for border-crossers stranded in the brutal Arizona desert, are shown as embodying aspects of global citizenship. Unauthorized immigrants themselves are shown to be enacting a form of global 'civil' disobedience, claiming the economic rights central to the emerging global normative charter while challenging the restrictive membership regimes that are the norm in the current global system. Cabrera also examines the European Union, seeing it as a crucial laboratory for studying the challenges inherent in expanding citizen membership.

/pdf/the-practice-of-global-citizenship-mhn0ugav33.pdf

The Practice of Global Citizenship

Over the last decade, a significant share of the labour force in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) has been exposed to work spells abroad followed by return migration. Although there is a growing literature on CEE return migration, most previous studies are country-specific and no enquiry for the region as a whole has been undertaken so far. In this paper, we attempt to fill this gap. We collate data from the European Union (EU) Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS) for a cross-country analysis of return migration in CEE countries. The aim of the paper is threefold. We first review the available evidence and literature on the characteristics and labour market behaviour of return migrants in CEE countries. Second, we provide a descriptive analysis of recent returnees using EU-LFS data. Third, we specifically analyse the income premia for work experience abroad, the occupational choices and the selectivity patterns of recent returnees in CEE countries from a cross-country perspective. Consistent with previous results, we find that the average income premia for work abroad range between 10 per cent and 45 per cent. Migrants are less likely to actively participate in the labour market upon return. They are, however, more likely to choose self-employment rather than dependent employment upon return. Recent migrants are also more likely to experience spells of unemployment in the first year after their return. The latter two findings are reversed, however, when adjusting for the unobserved heterogeneity of return migrants and for regional effects.

https://www.aiel.it/page/old_paper/martin_radu.pdf

Return migration: the experience of Eastern Europe

/pdf/immigrants-and-the-current-economic-crisis-research-evidence-4gtmgri5jw.pdf

Immigrants and the Current Economic Crisis: Research Evidence, Policy Challenges, and Implications

This volume by MPI's Transatlantic Council on Migration examines how immigrants have fared economically and in the labor market during the global economic crisis. It focuses on seven country case studies: the United States,Germany, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The case studies carefully detail unemployment rates through the recession and beyond across a range of metrics such as education, age, gender, and job sector. They examine migration flows and immigrant well-being indicators. Taken together, the studies trace the effects of the financial crisis on major immigrant-receiving countries on both sides of the Atlantic, explaining how youth, men, and young minorities were disproportionately affected.

Migration and the great recession : the transatlantic experience

Commentary: How is COVID-19 Reshaping Labour Migration?

Against the backdrop of persistent economic distress and aging populations, European countries can ill afford to squander the potential of any of their residents. But too often, newly arrived immigrants struggle to gain a secure foothold in the labour market. Many experience protracted periods of inactivity, unemployment, or long tenures in low-skilled work. Skilled immigrants, meanwhile, often experience 'brain waste' and are unable to put their foreign qualifications to good use.

Despite some promising innovations, there is clearly no quick fix to the problem of immigrants stuck in low-skilled jobs or unemployment. The dearth of evaluations has also hindered progress, suggesting a need for sophisticated, long-term monitoring of programs that are both promising and innovative. In the meantime, a road map for reform has several components. These include improving the incentives of employment agencies to serve the needs of migrants - a task that may include further training and specialization to allow providers to provide both short- and long-term career advice. Strategies to support the careers of newcomers already in work might include funding partnerships between employers and training institutions, providing technical assistance to employers willing to facilitate language instruction, and supporting work experience programs and apprenticeships. For out-of-office work learners, sequential programs could be replaced by courses that require a minimal time commitment, perhaps by combining vocational competences, language, literacy, and digital skills. Finally, an important piece of the labour market integration puzzle is improving the cohesion of policies themselves, through the promotion of common goals, mutual accountability for integration outcomes, and information sharing.

Aiming Higher: Policies to get Immigrants into Middle-Skilled Work in Europe

/pdf/reinventing-mutual-recognition-arrangements-lessons-from-1d5x3cux62.pdf

Demetrios G. Papademetriou

Papers

Immigrants and the Current Economic Crisis: Research Evidence, Policy Challenges, and Implications

Migration and the great recession : the transatlantic experience

Commentary: How is COVID-19 Reshaping Labour Migration?

Aiming Higher: Policies to get Immigrants into Middle-Skilled Work in Europe

Reinventing Mutual Recognition Arrangements: Lessons from International Experiences and Insights for the Asean Region