Derald Wing Sue

Bio: Derald Wing Sue is an academic researcher from Columbia University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Racism & Cultural competence. The author has an hindex of 57, co-authored 97 publications receiving 24524 citations. Previous affiliations of Derald Wing Sue include University of North Carolina at Greensboro & Alliant International University.

Racial microaggressions in everyday life: Implications for clinical practice.

Abstract: Racial microaggressions are brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults toward people of color. Perpetrators of microaggressions are often unaware that they engage in such communications when they interact with racial/ethnic minorities. A taxonomy of racial microaggressions in everyday life was created through a review of the social psychological literature on aversive racism, from formulations regarding the manifestation and impact of everyday racism, and from reading numerous personal narratives of counselors (both White and those of color) on their racial/cultural awakening. Microaggressions seem to appear in three forms: microassault, microinsult, and microinvalidation. Almost all interracial encounters are prone to microaggressions; this article uses the White counselor--client of color counseling dyad to illustrate how they impair the development of a therapeutic alliance. Suggestions regarding education and training and research in the helping professions are discussed.

Counseling the Culturally Diverse: Theory and Practice

Abstract: Preface About the Authors Section One the Multiple Dimensions of Multicultural Counseling and Therapy Part I: The Affective and Conceptual Dimensions of Multicultural Counseling and Therapy Chapter 1 Obstacles to Cultural Competence: Understanding Resistance to Multicultural Training Emotional Self-Revelations and Fears: Majority Group Members Emotional Invalidation versus Affirmation: For Marginalized Group Members A Word of Caution Recognizing and Understanding Resistance to Multicultural Training: For Trainees and Trainers Cognitive Resistance Denial Emotional Resistance Behavioral Resistance Conclusions Summary References Chapter 2 The Superordinate Nature of Multicultural Counseling and Therapy Culture Universal (Etic) versus Culture Specific (Emic) Formulations The Nature of Multicultural Counseling Competence A Tripartite Framework for Understanding the Multiple Dimensions of Identity Individual and Universal Biases in Psychology and Mental Health The Impact of Group Identities on Counseling and Psychotherapy What Is Multicultural Counseling/Therapy? What Is Cultural Competence? Cultural Humility and Cultural Competence Social Justice and Cultural Competence Summary References Chapter 3 Multicultural Counseling Competence for Counselors and Therapists of Marginalized Groups Counselors from Marginalized Groups Working with Majority and Other Marginalized Group Clients The Politics of Interethnic and Interracial Bias and Discrimination The Historical and Political Relationships between Groups of Color Differences between Racial/Ethnic Groups Counselors of Color and Dyadic Combinations Summary References Part II The Political Dimensions of Mental Health Practice Chapter 4 The Political and Social Justice Implications of Counseling and Psychotherapy The Education and Training of Mental Health Professionals Definitions of Mental Health Counseling and Mental Health Literature Need to Treat Social Problems Social Justice Counseling The Foci of Therapeutic Interventions: Individual, Professional, Organizational and Societal Social Justice Counseling Summary References Chapter 5 Impact of Systemic Oppression Therapist Credibility and Client Worldviews The Rest of the Story Therapist Credibility and Attractiveness Formation of Individual and Systemic Worldviews Formation of Worldviews Summary References Chapter 6 Microaggressions in Counseling and Psychotherapy Contemporary Forms of Oppression Evolution of the Isms : Microaggressions The Dynamics and Dilemmas of Microaggressions Therapeutic Implications Summary Part III The Practice Dimensions of Multicultural Counseling/Therapy Chapter 7 Barriers to Multicultural Counseling and Therapy: Individual and Family Perspectives Identifying Multicultural Therapeutic Issues Generic Characteristics of Counseling/Therapy Culture-Bound Values Class-Bound Values Language Barriers Patterns of American Cultural Assumptions and Multicultural Family Counseling/Therapy Conclusions Summary References Chapter 8 Culturally Appropriate Intervention Skills and Strategies Cultural Expression of Mental Disorders Communication Styles Sociopolitical Facets of Nonverbal Communication Counseling and Therapy as Communication Style Summary References Chapter 9 Multicultural Evidence-Based Practice Evidence-Based Practice and Multiculturalism Evidence-Based Practice and Diversity Issues in Therapy Summary References Chapter 10 Non-Western Indigenous Methods of Healing: Implications for Multicultural Counseling and Therapy Legitimacy of Culture-Bound Syndromes: Nightmare Deaths and the Hmong Sudden Death Phenomenon The Principles of Indigenous Healing Conclusion Summary References Part IV Racial/Cultural Identity Development in Multicultural Counseling and Therapy Chapter 11 Racial/Cultural Identity Development in People of Color: Therapeutic Implications Racial Awakening Racial/Cultural Identity Development Models A Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model Therapeutic Implications of the R/ CID Model Conclusions Summary References Chapter 12 White Racial Identity Development: Therapeutic Implications What Does It Mean to Be White? The Invisible Whiteness of Being Understanding the Dynamics of Whiteness Models of White Racial Identity Development The Process of White Racial Identity Development: A Descriptive Model Developing a Nonracist and Antiracist White Identity Summary Section Two Multicultural Counseling and Specific Populations Part V Understanding Specific Populations Chapter 13 Culturally Competent Assessment Therapist Variables Affecting Diagnosis Cultural Competence and Preventing Diagnostic Errors Contextual and Collaborative Assessment Infusing Cultural Competence into Standard Clinical Assessments References Part VI Counseling and Therapy with Racial/Ethnic Minority Group Populations Chapter 14 Counseling African Americans Characteristics and Strengths Specific Challenges References Chapter 15 Counseling American Indians and Alaska Natives Characteristics and Strengths Specific Challenges Alcohol and Substance Abuse References Chapter 16 Counseling Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders Characteristics and Strengths Specific Challenges References Chapter 17 Counseling Latinos Characteristics and Strengths Specific Challenges References Chapter 18 Counseling Individuals of Multiracial Descent Multiracialism in the United States Specific Challenges A Multiracial Bill of Rights Multiracial Strengths References Part VII Counseling and Special Circumstances Involving Racial/Ethnic Populations Chapter 19 Counseling Arab and Muslim Americans Arab Americans Muslim Americans Characteristics and Strengths Specific Challenges References Chapter 20 Counseling Jewish Americans Characteristics and Strengths Specific Challenges References Chapter 21 Counseling Immigrants and Refugees Challenges and Strengths Counseling Refugees References Part VIII Counseling and Therapy with Other Multicultural Populations Chapter 22 Counseling LGBT Individuals Understanding Sexual Minorities Specific Challenges References Chapter 23 Counseling Older Adult Clients Characteristics and Strengths Specific Challenges of Older Adults References Chapter 24 Counseling Women Specific Challenges Embracing Gender Strengths References Chapter 25 Counseling and Poverty Demographics: Who Are the Poor? Strengths of People Living in Poverty Suggested Guidelines for Counselors References Chapter 26 Counseling Persons with Disabilities Understanding Disabilities The Americans with Disabilities Act Specific Challenges Supports for Individuals with Disabilities Counseling Issues with Individuals with Disabilities References Author Index Subject Index

Multicultural Counseling Competencies and Standards: A Call to the Profession

Abstract: In April 1991, the Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development (AMCD) approved a document outlining the need and rationale for a multicultural perspective in counseling. The work of the Professional Standards committee went much further in proposing 31 multicultural counseling competencies and strongly encouraged the American Association for Counseling and Development (AACD) and the counseling profession to adopt these competencies in accreditation criteria. The hope was to have the competencies eventually become a standard for curriculum reform and training of helping professionals.

Counseling the Culturally Different: Theory and Practice

Abstract: Issues and concepts in cross-cultural counselling: the politics of counselling barriers to effective cross-cultural counselling cross-cultural communication counselling styles sociopolitical considerations of mistrust in cross-cultural counselling racial/cultural identity development cross-cultural family counselling dimensions of world view the culturally-skilled counsellor. Counselling specific populations: counselling American Indians counselling Asian Americans counselling Black Americans counselling Hispanic Americans critical incidents in cross-cultural counselling.

Microaggressions in Everyday Life: Race, Gender, and Sexual Orientation

Abstract: Foreword Preface Acknowledgments About the Author SECTION ONE: PSYCHOLOGICAL MANIFESTATION AND DYNAMICS OFMICROAGGRESSIONS CHAPTER ONE: The Manifestation of Racial, Gender, andSexual-Orientation Microaggressions CHAPTER TWO: Taxonomy of Microaggressions CHAPTER THREE: The Psychological Dilemmas and Dynamics ofMicroaggressions SECTION TWO: MICROAGGRESSIVE IMPACT ON TARGETS ANDPERPETRATORS CHAPTER FOUR: The Microaggression Process Model: From Beginningto End CHAPTER FIVE: Microaggressive Stress: Impact on Physical andMental Health CHAPTER SIX: Microaggressive Perpetrators and Oppression: TheNature of the Beast SECTION THREE: GROUP-SPECIFIC MICROAGGRESSIONS: RACE, GENDER,AND SEXUAL ORIENTATION CHAPTER SEVEN: Racial/Ethnic Microaggressions and Racism CHAPTER EIGHT: Gender Microaggressions and Sexism CHAPTER NINE: Sexual-Orientation Microaggressions andHeterosexism SECTION FOUR: MICROAGGRESSIONS IN EMPLOYMENT, EDUCATION, ANDMENTAL HEALTH PRACTICE CHAPTER TEN: Microaggressive Impact in the Workplace andEmployment CHAPTER ELEVEN: Microaggressive Impact on Education andTeaching: Facilitating Diffi cult Dialogues on Race in theClassroom CHAPTER TWELVE: Microaggressive Impact on Mental HealthPractice References Index

A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition.

Abstract: Stereotype research emphasizes systematic processes over seemingly arbitrary contents, but content also may prove systematic. On the basis of stereotypes' intergroup functions, the stereotype content model hypothesizes that (a) 2 primary dimensions are competence and warmth, (b) frequent mixed clusters combine high warmth with low competence (paternalistic) or high competence with low warmth (envious), and (c) distinct emotions (pity, envy, admiration, contempt) differentiate the 4 competence-warmth combinations. Stereotypically, (d) status predicts high competence, and competition predicts low warmth. Nine varied samples rated gender, ethnicity, race, class, age, and disability out-groups. Contrary to antipathy models, 2 dimensions mattered, and many stereotypes were mixed, either pitying (low competence, high warmth subordinates) or envying (high competence, low warmth competitors). Stereotypically, status predicted competence, and competition predicted low warmth.

Racial microaggressions in everyday life: Implications for clinical practice.

Abstract: Racial microaggressions are brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults toward people of color. Perpetrators of microaggressions are often unaware that they engage in such communications when they interact with racial/ethnic minorities. A taxonomy of racial microaggressions in everyday life was created through a review of the social psychological literature on aversive racism, from formulations regarding the manifestation and impact of everyday racism, and from reading numerous personal narratives of counselors (both White and those of color) on their racial/cultural awakening. Microaggressions seem to appear in three forms: microassault, microinsult, and microinvalidation. Almost all interracial encounters are prone to microaggressions; this article uses the White counselor--client of color counseling dyad to illustrate how they impair the development of a therapeutic alliance. Suggestions regarding education and training and research in the helping professions are discussed.

Mental Health: Culture, Race, and Ethnicity—A Supplement to Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General

Abstract: Mental health is fundamental to health, according to Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General, the first Surgeon General’s report ever to focus exclusively on mental health. That report of two years ago urged Americans to view mental health as paramount to personal well-being, family relationships, and successful contributions to society. It documented the disabling nature of mental illnesses, showcased the strong science base behind effective treatments, and recommended that people seek help for mental health problems or disorders. The first mental health report also acknowledged that all Americans do not share equally in the hope for recovery from mental illnesses. This is especially true of members of racial and ethnic minority groups. That awareness galvanized me to ask for a supplemental report on the nature and extent of disparities in mental health care for racial and ethnic minorities and on promising directions for the elimination of these disparities. This Supplement documents that the science base on racial and ethnic minority mental health is inadequate; the best available research, however, indicates that these groups have less access to and avail-ability of care, and tend to receive poorer quality mental health services. These disparities leave minority communities with a greater disability burden from unmet mental health needs. A hallmark of this Supplement is its emphasis on the role that cultural factors play in mental health. The cultures from which people hail affect all aspects of mental health and illness, including the types of stresses they confront, whether they seek help, what types of help they seek, what symptoms and concerns they bring to clinical attention, and what types of coping styles and social supports they possess. Likewise, the cultures of clinicians and service systems influence the nature of mental health services.

Psychological impact of biculturalism: Evidence and theory.

Abstract: A vital step in the development of an equal partnership for minorities in the academic, social, and economic life of the United States involves moving away from assumptions of the linear model of cultural acquisition. In this article we review the literature on the psychological impact of being bicultural. Assimilation, acculturation, alternation, multicultural, and fusion models that have been used to describe the psychological processes, social experiences, and individual challenges and obstacles of being bicultural are reviewed and summarized for their contributions and implications for investigations of the psychological impact of biculturalism. Emphasis is given to the alternation model, which posits that an individual is able to gain competence within 2 cultures without losing his or her cultural identity or having to choose one culture over the other. Finally, a hypothetical model outlining the dimensions of bicultural competence is presented.

Multicultural Counseling Competencies and Standards: A Call to the Profession

Abstract: In April 1991, the Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development (AMCD) approved a document outlining the need and rationale for a multicultural perspective in counseling. The work of the Professional Standards committee went much further in proposing 31 multicultural counseling competencies and strongly encouraged the American Association for Counseling and Development (AACD) and the counseling profession to adopt these competencies in accreditation criteria. The hope was to have the competencies eventually become a standard for curriculum reform and training of helping professionals.