Nowadays big data has become a hot topic in both the academic and the industrial research.It is regarded as a revolution that will transform how we live,work and think.However, there are many security risks in the field of data security and privacy protection when collecting, storing and utilizing big data.Privacy issues related with big data analysis spell trouble for individuals.And deceptive or fake information within big data may lead to incorrect analysis results. This paper summarizes and analyzes the security challenges brought by big data,and then describes the key technologies which can be exploited to deal with these challenges.Finally,this paper argues that big data brings not only challenges,but also technical revolution in the field of information security.

Big Data Security and Privacy Protection

Digital watermarking for relational databases emerged as a candidate so- lution to provide copyright protection, tamper detection, traitor tracing, maintaining integrity of relational data. Many watermarking techniques have been proposed in the literature to address these purposes. In this paper, we survey the current state-of-the- art and we classify them according to their intent, the way they express the watermark, the cover type, the granularity level, and their verifiability.

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Watermarking Techniques for Relational Databases: Survey, Classification and Comparison

Problem statement: Digital multimedia watermarking technology was suggested in the last decade to embed copyright information in digital objects such images, audio and video. However, the increasing use of relational database systems in many real-life applications created an ever increasing need for watermarking database systems. As a result, watermarking relational database systems is now merging as a research area that deals with the legal issue of copyright protection of database systems. Approach: In this study, we proposed an efficient database watermarking algorithm based on inserting binary image watermarks in non-numeric mutli-word attributes of selected database tuples. Results: The algorithm is robust as it resists attempts to remove or degrade the embedded watermark and it is blind as it does not require the original database in order to extract the embedded watermark. Conclusion: Experimental results demonstrated blindness and the robustness of the algorithm against common database attacks.

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Robust and Blind Watermarking of Relational Database Systems

We put forward a fragile zero watermarking scheme to detect and characterize malicious modifications made to a database relation. Most of the existing watermarking schemes for relational databases introduce intentional errors or permanent distortions as marks into the database original content. These distortions inevitably degrade the data quality and data usability as the integrity of a relational database is violated. Moreover, these fragile schemes can detect malicious data modifications but do not characterize the tempering attack, that is, the nature of tempering. The proposed fragile scheme is based on zero watermarking approach to detect malicious modifications made to a database relation. In zero watermarking, the watermark is generated (constructed) from the contents of the original data rather than introduction of permanent distortions as marks into the data. As a result, the proposed scheme is distortion-free; thus, it also resolves the inherent conflict between security and imperceptibility. The proposed scheme also characterizes the malicious data modifications to quantify the nature of tempering attacks. Experimental results show that even minor malicious modifications made to a database relation can be detected and characterized successfully.

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A Fragile Zero Watermarking Scheme to Detect and Characterize Malicious Modifications in Database Relations

In today’s digital era, it is very easy to copy, manipulate and distribute multimedia data over an open channel. Copyright protection, content authentication, identity theft, and ownership identification have become challenging issues for content owners/distributors. Off late data hiding methods have gained prominence in areas such as medical/healthcare, e-voting systems, military, communication, remote education, media file archiving, insurance companies, etc. Digital watermarking is one of the burning research areas to address these issues. In this survey, we present various aspects of watermarking. In addition, various classification of watermarking is presented. Here various state-of-the-art of multimedia and database watermarking is discussed. With this survey, researchers will be able to implement efficient watermarking techniques for the security of multimedia and database.

A Recent Survey on Multimedia and Database Watermarking

As an embranchment of information hiding, the digital watermark techniques have been attracting more and more interests in both research and industrial fields. As a tool for storing and managing data, relational database is widely used in many information systems. It is a crucial issue to protect the copyright of relational data. In order to make watermarking information more intuitive and easier to identify, We propose a novel watermarking method, which embeds an image watermark into relational database. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Watermarking relational database using image

In this paper, we propose a fingerprinting solution to protect valuable numeric relational data from illegal duplications and redistributions. We introduce a twice-embedding scheme. In the first embedding process, we embed a unique fingerprint to identify each recipient to whom the relational data is distributed. The embedding process is controlled by a secret key. Meanwhile, the fingerprint can be detected using the same secret key to prove ownership at a numerical confidence level. The second embedding process is designed for verifying the extracted fingerprint and giving a numerical confidence level. Thus, once a suspect copy is found, numerical confidence level can be provided both to identify the owner and the illegal distributor. The experiment shows that our solution is effective and robust to various attacks.

Fingerprinting relational databases

The invention relates to a method for embedding and extracting water spot from English text in the field of text copyright protection technique It has the following steps: changing the copyright information into binary bit string, reading in the text and filtering special characters and indent and then operating the character string and copyright person's private key to obtain integer number Z, if Z can divide embedding ratio exactly, the next sentence is water spot information sentence, using Z to do negation with copyright information binary bit string to ascertain the information bit of bided embedding water spot, using Z to do negation with the number of the characters of water spot information sentence to ascertain the location of the water spot information bit so that 0, 1 which can represent the relation of the adjacent alpha codes are uniform with bided embedding water spot information bit until finish text The process of extracting water spot information is a reverse process of embedding it

Method for embedding and extracting watermark in English texts

The present invention relates to method of managing water print relation data base and belongs to the field of data base copyright managing technology. The management of water print relation data base includes: for the user to input embedding and extracting water print flow path managing information to establish one water print management registering list; for the user to select corresponding embedding and extracting water print flow path from the registering list; to establish one water print information mapping list in the relation data base, to input new data to the relation data list for updating and to extract water print from the relation data list based on the information of water print managing registration list and water print information mapping list. The present invention performs different data operation and management for the water print relation data and common relation data, and converts common relation data into water print relation data to raise the copyright protection capacity.

Deyi Li

Papers

Watermarking relational database using image

Fingerprinting relational databases

Method for embedding and extracting watermark in English texts

Method for managing water print relation database