Ocean waves are a huge, largely untapped energy resource, and the potential for extracting energy from waves is considerable. Research in this area is driven by the need to meet renewable energy targets, but is relatively immature compared to other renewable energy technologies. This review introduces the general status of wave energy and evaluates the device types that represent current wave energy converter (WEC) technology, particularly focusing on work being undertaken within the United Kingdom. The possible power take-off systems are identified, followed by a consideration of some of the control strategies to enhance the efficiency of point absorber-type WECs. There is a lack of convergence on the best method of extracting energy from the waves and, although previous innovation has generally focused on the concept and design of the primary interface, questions arise concerning how best to optimize the powertrain. This article concludes with some suggestions of future developments.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1243/09576509JPE782

A review of wave energy converter technology

An efficient ghost-cell immersed boundary method (GCIBM) for simulating turbulent flows in complex geometries is presented. A boundary condition is enforced through a ghost cell method. The reconstruction procedure allows systematic development of numerical schemes for treating the immersed boundary while preserving the overall second-order accuracy of the base solver. Both Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions can be treated. The current ghost cell treatment is both suitable for staggered and non-staggered Cartesian grids. The accuracy of the current method is validated using flow past a circular cylinder and large eddy simulation of turbulent flow over a wavy surface. Numerical results are compared with experimental data and boundary-fitted grid results. The method is further extended to an existing ocean model (MITGCM) to simulate geophysical flow over a three-dimensional bump. The method is easily implemented as evidenced by our use of several existing codes.

A Ghost-Cell Immersed Boundary Method for Flow in Complex Geometry

Evolution of Design Method Against Random Waves Statistical Properties and Spectral of Sea Waves Transformation and Deformation of Random Sea Waves Design of Breakwaters Design of Coastal Dikes and Seawalls Probabilistic Design of Harbor Facilities Harbor Tranquility and Vessel Mooring Hydraulic Model Tests with Random Waves Theoretical Description of Random Sea Waves Statistical Theory of Irregular Waves Techniques of Random Wave Analysis 2D Computation of Wave Transformation with Random Breaking and Nearshore Currents Statistical Analysis of Extreme Waves Prediction and Control of Beach Deformation Processes.

Random seas and design of maritime structures

Hydraulic performance and wave loadings of perforated/slotted coastal structures: A review

https://pure.hw.ac.uk/ws/files/22688902/Ning_Zou_OWC_Exp_Revision2_AppledEnergy2016.pdf

An experimental investigation of hydrodynamics of a fixed OWC Wave Energy Converter

Free-surface evolution and wave kinematics for nonlinear uni-directional focused wave groups

https://pure.hw.ac.uk/ws/files/22846703/Ning_Zou_OWC_HOBEM_Energy_Accepted_manuscript_Energy2015.pdf

Investigation of hydrodynamic performance of an OWC (oscillating water column) wave energy device using a fully nonlinear HOBEM (higher-order boundary element method)

Hydrodynamic performance of a pile-restrained WEC-type floating breakwater: An experimental study

https://pure.hw.ac.uk/ws/files/25140027/Zhao_Ning_Zou_BreakWater_WEC_Review_FinalAccepted_OE2019.pdf

Dezhi Ning

Papers

An experimental investigation of hydrodynamics of a fixed OWC Wave Energy Converter

Free-surface evolution and wave kinematics for nonlinear uni-directional focused wave groups

Investigation of hydrodynamic performance of an OWC (oscillating water column) wave energy device using a fully nonlinear HOBEM (higher-order boundary element method)

Hydrodynamic performance of a pile-restrained WEC-type floating breakwater: An experimental study

Hybrid floating breakwater-WEC system: A review