Performance evaluation of classification algorithms by k-fold and leave-one-out cross validation

Quantum-mechanical effects at the macroscopic level were first explored in Josephson-junction-based superconducting circuits in the 1980s. In recent decades, the emergence of quantum information science has intensified research toward using these circuits as qubits in quantum information processors. The realization that superconducting qubits can be made to strongly and controllably interact with microwave photons, the quantized electromagnetic fields stored in superconducting circuits, led to the creation of the field of circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED), the topic of this review. While atomic cavity QED inspired many of the early developments of circuit QED, the latter has now become an independent and thriving field of research in its own right. Circuit QED allows the study and control of light-matter interaction at the quantum level in unprecedented detail. It also plays an essential role in all current approaches to gate-based digital quantum information processing with superconducting circuits. In addition, circuit QED provides a framework for the study of hybrid quantum systems, such as quantum dots, magnons, Rydberg atoms, surface acoustic waves, and mechanical systems interacting with microwave photons. Here the coherent coupling of superconducting qubits to microwave photons in high-quality oscillators focusing on the physics of the Jaynes-Cummings model, its dispersive limit, and the different regimes of light-matter interaction in this system are reviewed. Also discussed is coupling of superconducting circuits to their environment, which is necessary for coherent control and measurements in circuit QED, but which also invariably leads to decoherence. Dispersive qubit readout, a central ingredient in almost all circuit QED experiments, is also described. Following an introduction to these fundamental concepts that are at the heart of circuit QED, important use cases of these ideas in quantum information processing and in quantum optics are discussed. Circuit QED realizes a broad set of concepts that open up new possibilities for the study of quantum physics at the macro scale with superconducting circuits and applications to quantum information science in the widest sense.

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Circuit quantum electrodynamics

A vision has formed in recent years of the components necessary for a large-scale quantum network. Single trapped atoms can serve as the nodes of this network, with the links established by flying photons that are coupled to the atoms using optical resonators. This review describes progress towards the goal of multinode networks using the current generation of experiments, which have achieved unprecedented levels of atomic qubit control and light-matter coupling efficiencies.

Cavity-based quantum networks with single atoms and optical photons

The nonenzymatic glycosylation reaction that is accelerated in diabetes is the first step of the Maillard or nonenzymatic browning reaction that occurs in stored food. The glucose-protein adduct rearranges and dehydrates to form brown and fluorescent pigments, which can act as crosslinks, resulting in decreased protein solubility and altered mechani- cal properties. Evidence suggesting that this process occurs in vivo has been found in lens crystallins. The observation that nonenzymatic glycosylation and insolubility increases in colla- gen with age and diabetes led us to investigate the possible browning of human collagen. Insoluble human dura mater col- lagen was digested with collagenase. Absorbance at 350 nm and fluorescence at 440 nm (excitation at 370 nm) of the solubi- lized material was measured. A linear increase in the amounts of yellow and fluorescent material was observed with age. Samples obtained at autopsy from three type I diabetics and a young type II diabetic showed increased fluorescence and had absorbance values that corresponded to the amount of chro- mophore found in nondiabetics twice their age (P < 0.025). The collagen adducts from aged and diabetic individuals had absorption and fluorescence spectra identical to those of colla- gen samples that underwent nonenzymatic browning with glu- cose in vitro. The structure of these collagen adducts is un- known. However, their likely occurrence throughout the body could explain the correlation between arterial stiffening, de- creased joint mobility, and the severity of microvascular com- plications in type I diabetics.

Accelerated age-related browning of human collagen in

Introduction The Mediterranean and dash diets have been shown to slow cognitive decline; however, neither diet is specific to the nutrition literature on dementia prevention. Methods We devised the Mediterranean-Dietary Approach to Systolic Hypertension (DASH) diet intervention for neurodegenerative delay (MIND) diet score that specifically captures dietary components shown to be neuroprotective and related it to change in cognition over an average 4.7 years among 960 participants of the Memory and Aging Project. Results In adjusted mixed models, the MIND score was positively associated with slower decline in global cognitive score (β = 0.0092; P Discussion The study findings suggest that the MIND diet substantially slows cognitive decline with age. Replication of these findings in a dietary intervention trial would be required to verify its relevance to brain health.

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Dhamu Kp Ramamoorthy K

Papers

Statistical Methods