Dharanidhar Baral

Bio: Dharanidhar Baral is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Interpupillary distance & Vertical dimension of occlusion. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 2 publications receiving 27 citations.

An anthropometric study to evaluate the correlation between the occlusal vertical dimension and length of the thumb.

Abstract: Background Establishment of proper occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) is one of the important tasks for successful prosthodontic therapy. An ideal method for determining OVD in terms of cost, time, and instrument requirements has been sought in prosthodontics by various investigators. However, no such single method has been formulated. In the current anthropometric study, the relationship of the length of the thumb to the OVD was tested in two ethnic groups of Nepal, Aryans, and Mongoloids. The result of this study can be useful in determining proper OVD in edentulous patients.

A comparative study to find out the relationship between the inner inter-canthal distance, interpupillary distance, inter-commissural width, inter-alar width, and the width of maxillary anterior teeth in Aryans and Mongoloids

Abstract: BACKGROUND One of the most confusing and difficult aspects of complete denture prosthodontics is the selection of appropriately sized maxillary anterior denture teeth. Various guidelines have been suggested for determining the size of anterior teeth, but different opinions have been reported regarding their significance. In the study reported here, the relationships between facial measurements and the width of maxillary anterior teeth in two ethnic groups, namely Aryans and Mongoloids, were determined. OBJECTIVE The aims of the study were to determine the inner inter-canthal distance (ICAD), inter-pupillary distance (IPD), inter-commissural width (ICOW), inter-alar width (IAW), and the combined width of maxillary anterior teeth (CW) in Aryans and Mongoloids and to determine the relationships between these measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS Impressions of the teeth of 170 dentulous subjects (85 males and 85 females) were made with alginate then Type IV gypsum product was poured in. Measurements of the cast maxillary anterior teeth at their widest dimension (contact areas) were made with the Boley gauge. ICAD, IPD, ICOW, and IAW distances were also measured with a Boley gauge. RESULTS For all 170 subjects, 85 Aryans and 85 Mongoloids, Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) for IAW, IPD, ICOW, ICAD, and CW was calculated. In Aryans, highly significant (P<0.001) but weak correlations were found between CW and IAW, IPD, and ICOW. In Mongoloids, a highly significant (P<0.001) and weak correlation was found only between CW and IPD. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, the results suggest that the IAW, IPD, and ICOW for Aryans and IPD for Mongoloids can be used as a preliminary method for determining the width of the maxillary anterior teeth in edentulous patients.

Determination of Correlation of Width of Maxillary Anterior Teeth using Extraoral and Intraoral Factors in Indian Population: A Systematic Review

Abstract: Introduction: Various anthropometric measurements have been used to determine the size of maxillary anterior teeth. However, which anthropometric measurement is the most reliable indicator to determine the width of maxillary anterior teeth remains unclear. Aims and objectives: To evaluate which anthropometric measurement is the most reliable indicator in determining the width of maxillary anterior teeth. Materials and methods: An electronic search was conducted for scholarly articles discussing various anthropometric measurements used for determination of width of maxillary anterior teeth, written in English or translated into English listed with PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and Google scholar databases. The search strategy yielded 119 articles. Out of them, 70 were excluded following reading of abstract, and 49 were selected for full-text reading. Of these, 21 were excluded based on exclusion criteria. Finally, 28 articles were included for final search. Due to heterogenicity of studies, a meta-analysis was not performed. Results: High degree of correlation was seen between interalar width (IAD), interpupillary distance (IPD), bizygomatic width (BW), and width of maxillary anterior teeth, in Indian population, whereas in Saudi population, intercanthal distance (ICD) has high degree of correlation to the width of maxillary anterior teeth, and in Brazilian (mulatto and blacks) population, high degree of correlation was seen between intercommissural width (ICOW) and width of maxillary anterior teeth. Conclusion: The anthropometric measurement used depends on the population group in which it is being used. There is no single anthropometric measurement that can be used to determine the width of maxillary anterior teeth. Hence, more studies with large sample size and different population groups need to be conducted. Clinical significance: In Indian population, high degree of correlation was seen between IAD, IPD, BW, and width of maxillary anterior teeth. The results of the previous study should be validated by including a large population size spread over entire Indian subcontinent. This would also help to generate multiplication factor for various anthropological measurements for use limited to the Indian population. Review ARticle 1-4Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Corresponding Author: Ashish R Jain, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Phone: +919884233423 e-mail:dr.ashishjain_r@yahoo.com 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1509

Determination of occlusal vertical dimension for complete dentures patients: an updated review.

Abstract: Determination of the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) is an integral part of complete dentures fabrication Due to the lack of teeth, the clinician faces the challenge of how to accurately establish the OVD of the new denture Therefore, the purpose of this review article was to present, discuss and critique the available methods used in determining the OVD for complete dentures patients This review identified two main streams to determine the OVD: (i) pre-extraction methods and (ii) post-extraction methods For the pre-extraction methods, the OVD of the natural dentition is transferred to the new dentures mainly by intra-oral measurements, profile tracing and cephalometric analysis The post-extraction methods rely on mandibular rest position, facial aesthetic appearance, swallowing pattern, craniofacial landmarks measurements, cephalometric analysis, phonetics and existing dentures In general, all the available techniques have merits and are helpful for routine clinical use However, they are empirical in nature, controversial and lack the scientific support Further, there is no single accurate method for OVD determination To overcome the limitations of the techniques, the clinician will benefit from applying combination of techniques to approximate the OVD

An Anthropometric Study of Cranio-Facial Measurements and Their Correlation with Vertical Dimension of Occlusion among Saudi Arabian Subpopulations

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Determining and restoring physiological vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) is the critical step during complete mouth rehabilitation. The improper VDO compromises the aesthetics, phonetics and functional efficiency of the prosthesis. Various methods are suggested to determine the accurate VDO, including the facial measurements in the clinical situations with no pre-extraction records. The generalisation of correlation between the facial measurements to VDO is criticised due to gender dimorphism and racial differences. Hence, it is prudent to verify the hypothesis of facial proportion and correlation of lower third of the face to remaining craniofacial measurements in different ethnic groups. The objective of the study was to evaluate the correlation of craniofacial measurements and OVD in the Saudi-Arabian ethnic group.METHODOLOGY: Total of 228 participants from Saudi-Arabian Ethnic group were randomly recruited in this cross-sectional study. Fifteen craniofacial measurements were recorded with modified digital Vernier callipers, and OVD was recorded at centric occlusion. The obtained data were analysed by using the Spearman’s correlation and linear regression analysis.RESULTS: The Mean OVD in male participants was higher (69.25 ± 5.54) in comparison to female participants (57.41 ± 5.32). The craniofacial measurement of Exocanthion-right labial commissure and the Mesial wall of the right external auditory canal-orbitale lateral had a strong positive correlation with VDO. The strong correlation was recorded with a trichion-upper border of right eyebrow line and trichion-Nasion only in males. Meanwhile, the length of an auricle recorded the positive correlation in female participants.CONCLUSIONS: Being simple and non-invasive technique, craniofacial measurements and linear equations could be routinely utilised to determine VDO.

Significance of intercommissural width and anterior teethselection

Abstract: The objective of the present study was to determine the correlation between the intercommissural width and the combined mesiodistal width of maxillary six-anterior teeth in the study. It was a cross sectional study and was carried out from Aug 2011 to Jan 2012. Non-probability purposive sampling. The present study included 159 dentate subjects having Angle’s class I molar and canine relationships. The patients were selected from the department of Prosthodontics, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore. The subjects with history of orthodontic treatment, extractions, drifting and attrition of the teeth were excluded. All those subjects having any restoration in upper anterior segment, any facial deformity, crowding or spacing of anterior teeth were also not included. The informed consent was obtained. The patients were seated in the upright position and were asked to look straight. Before the measurement of intercommissural width subjects were asked to widely open and close the mouth several times. It was done to fatigue the muscles and to relax them during the measurement. The distance between the left and right commisures of mouth were measured using digital caliper. The casts of maxillary arches were used to measure the intercanine width. The distal margin of both the maxillary canines were marked on each sides of the maxillary cast. A dental floss was placed at the greatest curvature of the maxillary arch and was marked at the distal margin of the canines. The dental floss was sectioned at the markings and the distance was measured between the marks using digital caliper. Both the parameters were measured three times by the single person to ensure the accuracy and the mean was taken. The measurements were recorded in a Proforma. The statistical results of this study showed that there was no correlation between the intercommissural width and the combined mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth. It was concluded that the intercommissural width was not a good predictor for the selection of maxillary anterior teeth width for edentulous patients in the study group.