Dharmendra Yadav

Bio: Dharmendra Yadav is an academic researcher from M. J. P. Rohilkhand University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Supply chain & Trade credit. The author has an hindex of 7, co-authored 28 publications receiving 193 citations. Previous affiliations of Dharmendra Yadav include University of Delhi & P.G. College.

Impact of energy and carbon emission of a supply chain management with two-level trade-credit policy

Abstract: Supply chain management aims to integrate environmental thinking with efficient energy consumption into supply chain management. It includes a flexible manufacturing process, more product delivery to customers, optimum energy consumption, and reduced waste. The manufacturing process can be made more flexible through volume agility. In this scenario, production cannot be constant, and with the concept of volume agility, production is taken as a decision variable under the effect of optimum energy consumption. Considering a two-echelon supply chain, we consider a producer and supplier with two-level-trade-credit policies (TLTCP) with the optimum consumption. To reduce the integrated total inventory cost, we believe that demand is a function of the credit period and selling price. The cost function is analyzed, either with the credit period dependent demand rate or with the selling price dependent demand rate through the numerical examples under energy costs. Energy and carbon emission costs are introduced in setup/ordering cost, holding cost, and item cost for producer and supplier. The effect of inflation on the total cost cannot be ignored; this model is being developed for deteriorating items with the simultaneous impact of volume agility, energy, carbon emission cost, and two-level-trade-credit policies with inflation. This supply chain model was solved analytically and obtained the optimum decision variables in a quasi-closed form solution. An illustrative theorem is being utilized to analyze the optimum result for all the decision parameters. The convexity of the objective function is being obtained analytically as well as graphically. Finally, numerical examples and sensitivity analysis are employed to illustrate the present study and with managerial insights.

Retailer's optimal policy under inflation in fuzzy environment with trade credit

Abstract: Trade credit plays an important role in financing many industries. In the classical inventory model it is assumed that the buyer must pay for the items as soon as the items are received. In this problem, it is considered that the retailer can pay the supplier either at the end of the credit period or later pay interest on the unpaid amount for the overdue period. Here, the retailer's inventory model for the optimal cycle time and payment time for a retailer is developed. The effects of the inflation rate, deterioration rate and delay in payment have been discussed. The whole study is performed in a fuzzy environment by taking the opportunity cost, interest earned and interest paid rate as a triangular fuzzy number. Fuzzy profit functions, which involve fuzzy arithmetic operation, are defined using the function principle. We use the signed distance method to defuzzify the fuzzy profit function. Moreover, numerical and sensitivity analysis is performed to validate the proposed model.

Inventory model of deteriorating items with two-warehouse and stock dependent demand using genetic algorithm in fuzzy environment

Abstract: Multi-item inventory model for deteriorating items with stock dependent demand under two-warehouse system is developed in fuzzy environment (purchase cost, investment amount and storehouse capacity are imprecise ) under inflation and time value of money. For display and storage, the retailers hire one warehouse of finite capacity at market place, treated as their own warehouse (OW), and another warehouse of imprecise capacity which may be required at some place distant from the market, treated as a rented warehouse (RW). Joint replenishment and simultaneous transfer of items from one warehouse to another is proposed using basic period (BP) policy. As some parameters are fuzzy in nature, objective (average profit) functions as well as some constraints are imprecise in nature, too. The model is formulated so to optimize the possibility/necessity measure of the fuzzy goal of the objective functions, and the constraints satisfy some pre-defined necessity. A genetic algorithm (GA) is used to solve the model, which is illustrated on a numerical example. Keywords: Possibility/Necessity Measures, Inflation, Time Value of Money, Deterioration, Genetic Algorithm.

Supply chain management for two-level trade credit financing with selling price dependent demand under the effect of preservation technology

Abstract: The present paper investigated the economic order quantity inventory model for a retailer under two-levels of trade credit to reflect the supply chain management (SCM). Here, it is assumed that the selling items are perishable such as fruits, fresh fishes, gasoline, photographic films, etc. It is assumed that potential worth of items can be increased by using preservation technology and the retailer’s trade credit period (M) offered by the supplier is longer than the customer’s trade credit period (N) offered by the retailer. It also assumed that the demand of the customer depends on the selling price of items. Theorems are developed to determine retailer’s optimal ordering policies and numerical examples are given to illustrate these theorems. It also observed that Goyal (1985), Shah (1993), Chung (1998) and Huang (2003) are the particular case of our proposed model. In addition, some managerial insights from the numerical examples are also concluded.

STING pathway agonism as a cancer therapeutic.

Abstract: The fact that a subset of human cancers showed evidence for a spontaneous adaptive immune response as reflected by the T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment phenotype led to the search for candidate innate immune pathways that might be driving such endogenous responses. Preclinical studies indicated a major role for the host STING pathway, a cytosolic DNA sensing pathway, as a proximal event required for optimal type I interferon production, dendritic cell activation, and priming of CD8+ T cells against tumor-associated antigens. STING agonists are therefore being developed as a novel cancer therapeutic, and a greater understanding of STING pathway regulation is leading to a broadened list of candidate immune regulatory targets. Early phase clinical trials of intratumoral STING agonists are already showing promise, alone and in combination with checkpoint blockade. Further advancement will derive from a deeper understanding of STING pathway biology as well as mechanisms of response vs resistance in individual cancer patients.

Supply chain resilience: a dynamic and multidimensional approach

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present a conceptual framework on resilience types in supply chain networks.,Using a complex adaptive systems perspective as an organizing framework, the paper explores three forms of resilience: engineering, ecological and evolutionary and their antecedents and links these to four phases of supply chain resilience (SCRES): readiness, response, recovery, growth and renewal.,Resilient supply chains need all three forms of resilience. Efficiency and system optimization approaches may promote quick recovery after a disruption. However, system-level response requires adaptive capabilities and transformational behaviors may be needed to move supply chains to new fitness levels after a disruption. The three resilience types discussed are not mutually exclusive, but rather complement each other and there are synergies and tradeoffs among these resilience types.,The empirical validation of the theoretical propositions will open up new vistas for supply chain research. Possibilities exist for analyzing and assessing SCRES in multiple and more comprehensive ways.,The findings of the research can help managers refine their approaches to managing supply chain networks. A more balanced approach to supply chain management can reduce the risks and vulnerabilities associated with supply chain disruptions.,This study is unique as it conceptualizes SCRES in multiple ways, thereby extending our understanding of supply chain stability.

STING Agonists as Cancer Therapeutics.

Abstract: The interrogation of intrinsic and adaptive resistance to cancer immunotherapy has identified lack of antigen presentation and type I interferon signaling as biomarkers of non-T-cell-inflamed tumors and clinical progression A myriad of pre-clinical studies have implicated the cGAS/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, a cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway that drives activation of type I interferons and other inflammatory cytokines, in the host immune response against tumors The STING pathway is also increasingly understood to have other anti-tumor functions such as modulation of the vasculature and augmentation of adaptive immunity via the support of tertiary lymphoid structure development Many natural and synthetic STING agonists have entered clinical development with the first generation of intra-tumor delivered cyclic dinucleotides demonstrating safety but only modest systemic activity The development of more potent and selective STING agonists as well as novel delivery systems that would allow for sustained inflammation in the tumor microenvironment could potentially augment response rates to current immunotherapy approaches and overcome acquired resistance In this review, we will focus on the latest developments in STING-targeted therapies and provide an update on the clinical development and application of STING agonists administered alone, or in combination with immune checkpoint blockade or other approaches