Dheeraj Mishra

Bio: Dheeraj Mishra is an academic researcher from Harcourt Butler Technological Institute. The author has contributed to research in topics: Gourd & Lagenaria. The author has an hindex of 5, co-authored 6 publications receiving 71 citations.

An Efficient Technique to reduce Total Harmonics Distortion in Cascaded H- Bridge Multilevel Inverter

Abstract: In the recent years the multilevel inverters were widely discussed topic for researchers. Because of few merits of having good power quality. Basically inverter is a converter, which is capable in converting the DC power into AC power at desired level. The two level output, zero or positive or negative V dc can be obtained by voltage source inverter(VSI). The multilevel inverter is capable to produce sinusoidal output voltage and to reduce Total Harmonic Distortion at desired voltage level. As we increase the level of voltage, the output power quality gets improved, i.e. THD gets reduced. This paper proposes the implementation and analysis of cascaded multilevel inverter with reduce THD. The implemented Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter topology is a practical topology; it provides the generalized path to increase the level of multilevel inverter as we want. In the represented model of eleven level single phase Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter has been designed using IGBT in order to generate the different output voltage levels at proper intervals, the conduction angle of IGBTs have been controlled by varying the pulse width of getting signals. Simulation models is developed in MATLAB-SIMULINK of eleven levels inverters and THD analysis is performed.

Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Oil from Mandarin Peels

Abstract: The Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) peels were utilized for recovery of essential oil. The essential oil is one of the important ingredients widely used in various food products. The flavedo part of peels of mandarin fruit was utilized for extraction of essential oil by hydro-distillation method and cold pressing extraction method. The peels were pre-treated with enzyme by varying its concentration from 0.1% to 0.3%. Essential oil was recovered from these enzyme treated samples and yield obtained was compared with control samples. By varying the concentration of enzyme in pre-treatment the increase in the yield of essential oil as compared to control samples obtained were up to 15%. This increase in recovery may be due to rupture of oil sacs/glands by enzymatic action, resulting excess release of essential oil from oil sacs. The effect of concentration of enzyme at pH 4.5 and contact time 3 hrs on the yield obtained was studied during extraction.

Efficacy of application of vegetable seed oils as grain protectant against infestation by Callosobruchus chinensis and its effect on milling fractions and apparent degree of dehusking of legume-pulses.

Abstract: The solvent extracted vegetable seed oils of Cucurbitaceae family viz. Bitter gourd (Momordica charentia), Small bitter gourd (Momordica dioica), Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siscraria) and Ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) were evaluated as grain protectant against callosobruchus chinensis on the stored legume-pulse grains. All the vegetable seed oils were found effective as legume-pulse grain protectant, which provided, negligible weight loss at the oil-application rate of 6-8 mL/kg in legume-pulse grain after 60 days storage at laboratory conditions. The milling yield and degree of dehusking gets improved after the oil application. The use of solvent extracted Small bitter gourd seed oil at the level of 6-8 mL/kg of legume-pulse grain sample resulted in the improved apparent degree of dehusking from 40.0 to 72.59, 59.88 to 92.44, 63.39 to 87.50 and 57.0 to 79.43 for Pigeonpea (Canjanus cajan), Chickpea (Cicer arietinum), Urdbean (Phaseolus mungo) and Mungbean (Phaseolus radiatus), respectively.

Insecticidal Activity of Vegetable Oils against Mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi Kalt., under Field Condition

Abstract: Four vegetable seed oils viz.,Bitter gourd (Momordica charentia), Small bitter gourd (Momordica dioica), Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siseraria), Ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) seed, solvent extracted oils were evaluated against mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi Kalt., in the farm of mustard crop. All the natural insecticides (Vegetable oils) were found very effective and caused 100% mortality (indicated by non-motility of the insects) at 6% conc. in 24 hrs. Seed oil of Small bitter gourd and Bottle gourd were found to be satisfactory natural insecticide giving 100% mortality at 4% conc. in 24 hrs. Lower concentrations up to 2% was also found effective but require longer time (up to 32 hrs.) to give 100% mortality in case of Small bitter gourd and Bottle gourd. No further spray was given to crop and also no further infestation of aphid found in the vegetable oil treated crop.

Constraints in Adoption of Mushroom Production Enterprise

Abstract: This study was an attempt to get the response regarding constraints faced by the respondents in adoption of mushroom production enterprise in Haidargarh block of Barabanki district. The sample for the study comprised of 50 randomly selected respondents trained by KVK in mushroom cultivation. The structured schedule was developed for data collection. Study revealed that ‘lack of proper marketing channel’ was the most important constraint responsible for low rate of adoption. ‘Distantly located markets’ and ‘lack of government support’ were the other major obstacles in this process. ‘Non availability of quality spawns’ & ‘risk involve due to perishable nature’ were also observed as constraints by the mushroom growers.

Innovative “Green” and Novel Strategies for the Extraction of Bioactive Added Value Compounds from Citrus Wastes—A Review

Abstract: Citrus is a major processed crop that results in large quantities of wastes and by-products rich in various bioactive compounds such as pectins, water soluble and insoluble antioxidants and essential oils. While some of those wastes are currently valorised by various technologies (yet most are discarded or used for feed), effective, non-toxic and profitable extraction strategies could further significantly promote the valorisation and provide both increased profits and high quality bioactives. The present review will describe and summarize the latest works concerning novel and greener methods for valorisation of citrus by-products. The outcomes and effectiveness of those technologies such as microwaves, ultrasound, pulsed electric fields and high pressure is compared both to conventional valorisation technologies and between the novel technologies themselves in order to highlight the advantages and potential scalability of these so-called “enabling technologies”. In many cases the reported novel technologies can enable a valorisation extraction process that is “greener” compared to the conventional technique due to a lower energy consumption and reduced utilization of toxic solvents.

Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Flavorings and Colorants from Plant Materials

Abstract: From times immemorial, colorants, and flavorings have been used in foods. Color and flavor are the major attributes to the quality of a food product, affecting the appearance and acceptance of the product. As a consequence of the increased demand of natural flavoring and colorant from industries, there is a renewed interest in the research on the composition and recovery of natural food flavors and colors. Over the years, numerous procedures have been proposed for the isolation of aromatic compounds and colors from plant materials. Generally, the methods of extraction followed for aroma and pigment from plant materials are solvent extraction, hydro-distillation, steam distillation, and super critical carbon dioxide extraction. The application of enzymes in the extraction of oil from oil seeds like sunflower, corn, coconut, olives, avocado etc. are reported in literature. There is a great potential for this enzyme-based extraction technology with the selection of appropriate enzymes with optimized operating conditions. Various enzyme combinations are used to loosen the structural integrity of botanical material thereby enhancing the extraction of the desired flavor and color components. Recently enzymes have been used for the extraction of flavor and color from plant materials, as a pre-treatment of the raw material before subjecting the plant material to hydro distillation/solvent extraction. A deep knowledge of enzymes, their mode of action, conditions for optimum activity, and selection of the right type of enzymes are essential to use them effectively for extraction. Although the enzyme hydrolases such as lipases, proteases (chymotrypsin, subtilisin, thermolysin, and papain), esterases use water as a substrate for the reaction, they are also able to accept other nucleophiles such as alcohols, amines, thio-esters, and oximes. Advantages of enzyme-assisted extraction of flavor and color in some of the plant materials in comparison with conventional methods are dealt with in this reveiw.

Larvicidal efficacy of five cucurbitaceous plant leaf extracts against mosquito species

Abstract: Larvicidal activity of crude hexane, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, acetone, and methanol extracts of the leaf of five species of cucurbitaceous plants, Citrullus colocynthis, Coccinia indica, Cucumis sativus, Momordica charantia, and Trichosanthes anguina, were tested against the early fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti L. and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae). The larval mortality was observed after 24 h of exposure. All extracts showed moderate larvicidal effects; however, the highest larval mortality was found in petroleum ether extract of C. colocynthis, methanol extracts of C. indica, C. sativus, M. charantia, and acetone extract of T. anguina against the larvae of A. aegypti (LC50 = 74.57, 309.46, 492.73, 199.14, and 554.20 ppm) and against C. quinquefasciatus (LC50 = 88.24, 377.69, 623.80, 207.61, and 842.34 ppm), respectively. The petroleum ether extract of C. colocynthis and methanol extract of M. charantia were more effective than the other extracts. This is an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of the dengue vector, A. aegypti, and the lymphatic filariasis vector, C. quinquefasciatus.

Fumigant toxicity of essential oils from some common spices against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae).

Abstract: In the present study, the essential oil from seven common spices, Anethum graveolens, Cuminum cyminum, Illicium verum, Myristica fragrans, Nigella sativa, Piper nigrum and Trachyspermum ammi was isolated and its insecticidal, oviposition, egg hatching and developmental inhibitory activities were determined against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis. Essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation method using Clevenger apparatus. These essential oils caused death of adults and larvae of Callosobruchus chinensis when fumigated. The 24-h LC50 values against the adults of the insect were 8.9 μl, 10.8 μl, 11.0 μl, 12.5 μl, 13.6 μl, 14.8 μl and 15.6 μl for N. sativa, A. graveolens, C. cyminum, I. verum, P. nigrum, M. fragrans and T. ammi oils respectively. On the other hand, against larval stage these values were 6.4 μl, 7.9 μl, 8.9 μl, 11.1 μl, 11.7 μl, 12.2 μl and 13.5 μl for N. sativa, A. graveolens, C. cyminum, I. verum, P. nigrum, M. fragrans and T. ammi respectively. These essential oils reduced the oviposition potential, egg hatching rate, pupal formation and emergence of adults of F1 progeny of the insect when fumigated with sublethal concentrations. These essential oils also caused chronic toxicity as the fumigated insects caused less damage to the stored grains. The essential oil of N. sativa was found most effective against all the different stages of the Callosobruchus chinensis followed by A. graveolens, C. cyminum, I. verum, P. nigrum, M. fragrans and T. ammi oils. All the responses were found concentration-dependent. The toxic and developmental inhibitory effects may be due to suffocation and inhibition of various biosynthetic processes of the insects at different developmental stages.